Tierani Richardson
Content: We presented over the intervention aspects for ASD. We touched on three types of intervention: behavioral, relationship-based, and medical/CAM. In behavioral, we talked about ABA (Applied Behavioral Analysis). In my first reflection, I defined ABA and described it. So here, I want to discuss things I have learned about it since then. I learned there are several types of ABA therapy, including: Discrete Trial Training, Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention, Pivotal Response Training, and Verbal Behavior Intervention. I learned that Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention is for young children under the age of three, and many of these children in this therapy are actually under the age of three. I also learned that insurance did not cover ABA until 2016. If a child is diagnosed after the age of three, insurance covers them for six years post diagnosis. For relationship based, we talked mostly about DIR. I also defined and described this intervention in an earlier post, so I will again talk about things I did not know. First, the two central goals of DIR is to follow the child’s lead and to create a shared world between the child and the adult. It is extremely play based, and adults can use sabotage play as a communication temptation. This method seems rather fun to me because it is just playing and interacting with the child! I also learned that most of the evidence for DIR was developed by the creators of the method, creating a conflict of
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Please accept this cover letter and attached résumé in consideration for the position of Instructor Therapist at Quinte Assessment & Treatment Group Inc. I believe that my education, experience, and passion for learning and working in the field of autism intervention make me an excellent candidate for this position.
2009: p. 1383). The first course involves most of the diagnoses occur in a gradual nature, and the parents concern are reported in the first two years around the ages 3 to 4. The early signs of ASD encompasses delay in pretend play and failing to show interests (Zwaignbaum, 2001: p.2037). The second course are characterised by the normal or near-normal development, leading to a loss of skills or regression within the first 2 to 3 years. Regression can occur in the form of multiple domains, including communication, cognitive, social, and self-help. However, the most common regression in ASD is the loss of language (Martinez-Pedraza and Carter, 2009: p. 645; Werner et al. 2005: p. 337). Subsequently, there has been much controversy over the differential outcomes based on these two developmental courses. Some studies have suggested that the regression is linked with the poorer outcomes and recorded no differences amongst those with the early gradual onset and those who have experienced a regression period (Mash and Barkley, 2003: p. 409). Although, there is conflicting evidence that surrounds the language outcomes within ASD, some studies have indicated that the language and cognitive abilities at the age of 2 and a half can help predict language proficiency and the production after age 5 (Weismer et al. 2015: p. 1327). Thus, highlighting the importance of early intervening to
It is important to establish and maintain effective communication, professionalism, and a scientific relationship with clients. It is essential to always preserve the relationship because it is vital to the client’s success of treatment. It is also imperative to consider the way in which information is delivered to clients and their family or caregivers. One must eliminate jargoning while attempting to communicate with clients. The use of scientific terminology of a particular study can become lost when engaging with a client or family members. By eliminating jargoning we are reaching them in a way that is easily understood by those not proficient in those terms of the field. Those that understand the intervention are more likely to adhere
ASDs are chronic conditions that begin in childhood and have potential to affect outcomes into adulthood. Primarily, ASDs are neurodevelopmental disorders. They are characterized by heterogeneous severity of the core impairments (social interaction, communication, behavioral). Their other symptoms include language delay and intellectual disability. Although ASDs have not been reported to be completely cured, the evidence-based interventions have been reported to improve the core impairments and their other symptoms. However, because of the expense associated with behavioral interventions, financing these evidence-based interventions to improve outcomes for children with ASDs has often been the subject of debate. In fact, to improve access to behavioral interventions for children with ASDs, several states have passed mandates. Additionally, evidence suggests improvement in insurance coverage for children with ASDs after the passage of mandate. Therefore, economic evaluation of evidence-based interventions for children with ASDs can contribute to development and dissemination of best practice standards, and also support policies to ensure access to effective
The Ontario government is focused on providing effective early interventions for young children with autism (Perry, n.d.). Throughout the years, a substantial amount of research has been done regarding the neuroplasticity and the effectiveness of early intervention in young children (Perry, n.d.). The results of this research have given professionals a greater understanding for a new program directed to young children- which is designed and implemented for children with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder and some diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) are also eligible (Perry, n.d.). In 1999, $19 million was funded by the Ontario government to be invested in the services of Intensive Behaviour Intervention (IBI). This specific program is developed for children up to and including the age of 5 years old (Perry, n.d.).
Speech therapy is also a commonly used therapy with children who have been diagnosed with ASD. Every educator interviewed included speech therapy in the list of therapies they incorporate into educating students with ASD. Speech is helpful
In order for the intervention to be effective a clear workable plan must be in place. The ABA/IBI team should provide access to reliable sources of information about ASD and roles of professionals and information about community resources. The intervention must be feasible for the child and family and the change in the child’s behaviour must be big enough to make a real difference in child and family life. “An intervention that cannot be sustained because its implementation takes too much of the family’s time, costs too much, or is incompatible with the family’s schedule will not be effective.” (O’Brien & Daggett, 2013, p. 209) The mother was originally excited about the plan, but life’s reality soon set in. With four young children at home, toilet training and the daily collecting of data became too overwhelming for her so of course she reverted back to the pullups.
However, traditional insight oriented play therapy, where the child is expected to “act out” or “work through” internal conflicts, is generally not effective for children with ASD. Some play oriented strategies can be helpful in fostering social communication when used to complement other evidence-based interventions. Supportive
Research has shown that early intervention with a child who has ASD, can greatly improve a child’s development. Early intervention services help children from birth up to three years old learn important skills such as, helping them learn to walk, talk, and be able to interact with others.
By formulating your own intervention techniques and strategies, you can prevent any incidents that involve any ASD patient, and in turn save them from further emotional trauma.
In today’s society, we believe that all humans should be treated equal. We see this every day; on the news, blogs, social networking websites, worldwide campaigns. In her online journal article about life with a child with autism, “Tackling That Troublesome Issue of ABA and Ethics”, published in October of 2012, Ariane Zurcher argues that the issue of ABA therapy should affect either more than those individuals living with autism, or no one at all. ABA therapy is an applied behavior analysis in which patients with autism are motivated to do a certain task; they are often rewarded in hope of having an action come naturally. Zurcher dives into an article by Michelle Dawson, The Misbehavior of Behaviorists: Ethical Challenges to the Autism ABA Industry, which is so often used in Zurcher’s own article to back up her argument regarding ABA therapy. She explains how this argument stems from an inadequate definition of what equality is and how we should not use a therapy technique different from what we would use for a neurotypical individual, “If we really believe Autistic people (and children) deserve the same respect, are truly considered equal as those in the neurotypical population, ABA presents some real problems.” (Zurcher 1; par. 4)
Individuals with autism demonstrate delays or deficits in social interaction and behaviours. Autism is apparent from early childhood, but can emerge in early adulthood. It is associated with a wide range of possible causes, but genetic factors are the main causes. Children with autism have impairments in cognition, language delays, and lack of or poor social interactions. Lack of communication may force these children to adopt repetitive behaviours such as self-inflicted injuries and violence. The teaching process requires interventions that address the repetitive behaviours, skill development, and play
According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as "a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors. Social communication deficits include impairments in aspects of joint attention and social reciprocity, as well as challenges in the use of verbal and nonverbal communicative behaviors for social interaction" (2016). The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) in a language intervention program recommended for children, usually 12 to 48 months of age, who present with ASD (Vivanti, 2016). According to Autism Speaks Inc., ESDM intervention requires training and certification and can be delivered by a psychologist, behaviorist, occupational therapist, speech and language pathologist, early intervention specialist or developmental pediatrician, and is intended as a naturalistic approach to therapy because it does not require a fixed setting for delivery. Generalization of the intervention requires intense parent involvement and "can be delivered by therapy teams and/or parents in group programs or individual sessions in either a clinic setting or the child 's home" (2016). According to Schreibman et al., ESDM combines naturalistic intervention behavioral intervention (NDBI) with Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) principles, which have shown through evidence based practice to induce behavioral changes,
In my personal story, I reviewed my own experience of being a parent to a child with an ASD diagnosis. As it was demonstrated both from the literature review and though my personal story, it is clear that facing an ASD diagnosis is a big crisis. Part of the crisis relates to the stigma of ASD. Parents face judgment and resentments toward their children from the general public as well as judgment on their parenting style. This judgment comes as a result of the typical appearance of most children with