Laser and its medical applications
Presented by
S. vignesh
J. sabastian
The Advent of the "Laser Scalpel"
Early experimenters with medical lasers pointed out that there are surgical operations that are difficult to perform with the conventional scalpel and that a laser beam might be used instead. Initial trials showed that a finely focused beam from a carbon dioxide gas laser could cut through human tissue easily and neatly. The surgeon could direct the beam from any angle by using a mirror mounted on a movable metal arm.
Several advantages of laser surgery quickly became apparent. First, the light beam is consistent, which means that it gives off the same amount of energy from
In this photo taken during open-heart surgery, a doctor
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When the artery has been cleaned out the doctor removes the fibers and tube, and the operation is finished. This medical process is known as laser angioplasty. It has several obvious advantages. First, no incision is needed (except for the small one in the vessel to insert the fibers). There is also little or no bleeding, and the patient can enjoy total recovery in a day or two. Laser angioplasty does have some potential risks that must be considered. First, when the laser beam fires at the plaque it must be aimed very carefully because a slight miss could cut through the wall of the artery and cause serious bleeding. The patient's chest would then have to be opened up after all. Another problem involves small pieces of burnt debris from the
Surgeons use a tiny laser to cut away tissue in a gallbladder operation. The laser and a tiny camera are inserted into the navel, so no abdominal incision is necessary.
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Lasers Heal and Reshape the Eyes
Some of the most remarkable breakthroughs for medical lasers have been in the area of ophthalmology, the study of the structure and diseases of the eye. One reason that laser beams are so useful in treating the eye is that the cornea, the coating that covers the eyeball and admits light into the interior of the eye, is transparent. Since it is designed to admit ordinary light, the cornea lets in laser light just as well
Because laser light does not spread, the laser is ideal for precise surgical applications. The light produced is absorbed by tissue which, in turn, is consequently “harmed”. So it is important to take similar precautions when using the ESU when using lasers. Always check the power cords for frays, and check to make sure all switches are functioning properly. Also, make sure not to use any inflammable agents
Here, a laser of specific wavelength is targeted on a particular area of the skin. The light from the laser beam is absorbed by the flawed outer layer of the skin and results in its vaporization. With the removal of the outer layer, the new, healthier underlying skin develops.
The balance of function in the United States were very conflicted during the Civil War time period. State governments wouldn’t agree with the national governments and vice versa. The Executive, Judicial and Legislative branches also were corrupted for a while with presidents allowing their friends become officials and also with the corrupt banking going on in the Jackson era.
Corruption has always been a danger to law enforcement, just as it has been a danger to all of mankind since the beginning of time. Since the very first police agency was formed in the 1800s, corruption has been widespread. The 19th century was an era in which politics played a very large role in police forces. Various political parties essentially had some police departments in their pockets, and as long as officers served to further those political parties’ agendas, the officers’ continued employment was guaranteed. Since politicians have not always been known for being straight-laced, one can easily see how corruption within police departments became prevalent. Since officers were not serving the people, but rather the political elite, their motives were constantly in question. It was not long before politicians began employing police officers to overlook and even protect their illicit activities. Through this practice, officers began to see the potential monetary and political benefits of allowing and participating in certain illegal actions. Even after the establishment of countermeasures such as police commissions, civil service exams, and legislative changes, corruption remained rampant. This corruption was perhaps best exemplified by none other than the actions of many officers within the Rampart Division of the Los Angeles Police Department.
(Mayo Clinic, 2013) Some surgical procedures used to treat CAD are angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery. (Mayo Clinic, 2013) The angioplasty surgery is when your doctor inserts a catheter to the blockage in the artery and threads the wire through the narrowed arteries. (Opening blocked coronary arteries: New questions about the old answer, nd., p.2) Once the balloon is in place, at the sight of the blockage, the balloon inflates which causes the plaque to crack and the artery to become free from blockage. (Opening blocked coronary arteries: New questions about the old answer, nd., p.2) The other surgical opinion for CAD is coronary artery bypass surgery is a procedure done by a doctor using a graft. (Mayo Clinic, 2013) The doctor will construct a graft to direct the blood flow around the blockage using existing blood vessels in the body. (Mayo Clinic, 2013) Due to the fact that this procedure requires open heart surgery, it is usually used for patients with several partial or full blockages. (Mayo Clinic, 2013)
The perception of depth is due to having two separate eyes creating two separate images, while the ability to adapt to light change is attributed to the iris and the dilator muscles. However these two aspects of the eye are not involved in laser eye surgery and will not be discussed in reference. The focusing of objects and images is very much part of laser eye surgery. In order for a clear visual image to be formed the image must come to a point on the retina. Light rays do not
An Excimer Laser is an extremely precise laser that uses ultraviolet light to remove minute amounts of corneal tissue. Each pulse of the laser removes mere microns of tissue, far less
The word laser is an acronym for, “Light Amplified by Stimulated Emissions of Radiation”, this means that all the lights in a laser have the same wavelength. Within a century of the laser being invented it occupied a major role in scientific research, medicine, industry, and even daily life. Lasers are used in the medicine field for procedures such as, laser eye surgery, heart, stomach, and intestinal surgeries. These procedures laser procedures are said to be harmless. Major factory industries use lasers to cut many things ranging from thin
The laparoscope and other surgical instruments will be put through the incisions. Your surgeon will use the laparoscope and a robotic arm to help control the surgical instruments.
It comforts the surgeons' requirements from a clinical point of view, but also does not add time to the surgery. It is economical and simple to use. The surgeons are truly pleased with the
Not many people know what a “Laserphaco probe” is. It sounds as if it was from a science fiction movie, but it is not. It was invented by Patricia Bath. It was made to remove cataracts. Her early life was hard, mainly because she lived through segregation.
1. Angioplasty: Kereiakes and Wetherill write that “angioplasty is a procedure in which a heart doctor inserts a balloon catheter over a thin wire across an artery. The balloon is inflated and compresses the plaque to clear the arteries of any blockage.”(p. 106-107).
Lasers treatments work by producing heat when interaction with the skin takes place. A quite high beam of light is passed through the skin at the dermal level which makes it quite hot and stimulates the cells which produce elastin& collagen. The laser is also targeted to coloured lesions such as broken blood
Technology is transforming the medical field with the design of robotic devices and multifaceted imaging. Even though these developments have made operations much less invasive, robotic systems have their own disadvantages that prevent them from replacing surgeons all together. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a broad notion encompassing a lot of common procedures that existed prior to the introduction of robots. It refers to general procedures that keep away from long cuts by entering the body through small, usually about 1cm, entry incisions, through which surgeons use long-handled instruments to operate on tissue inside the body. Such operations are directed by viewing equipment and, therefore, do not automatically need the use of a robot. Yet, it is not incorrect to say that computer-assisted and robotic surgeries are categories that fall under minimally invasive surgery (Robotic Surgery, n.d.).
The beginning use of surgical robots within medical setting benefits the surgeon as well as the patient; it gives the da Vinci Surgical System a bright future within today’s society.