Saving The Economy

The Gold Standard was the framework by which the value of cash was characterized in terms of gold, for which the money could be traded. The Gold Standard ended up being deserted in the Depression of the 1930s. Friedman felt that,“The gold standard is not feasible because the mythology and beliefs required to make it effective do not exist. This conclusion is supported not only by the general historical evidence referred to but also by the specific experience of the United States” ( “The Gold Standard:Please Stop”).Economists who contradict the Gold Standard may perceive what must be accomplished with a specific end goal to make a centrally controlled paper standard better than a decentralized Gold Standard. Milton Friedman poses the key question: "How can we establish a monetary system that is stable, free from irresponsible tinkering, and

Economically, the debt total to about $54 million including interest. Hamilton created the National Bank to take care of debts which planned to pay full value to improve national credit. The credit of the bank would then to go to the government (Doc. D). The government can then use that credit to loan money (when needed) from a certain foreign country that the government has good credit with. Rather than debts and credits, the bank created a standard form of currency to create a stabilized economy. The new currency was made from paper instead of gold and silver coins (Doc. D). It was equally accepted in all parts of the nation to help regulate and advance the trading system between states. One of the main purposes Hamilton created the National Bank was to create a place where the government can deposit its money and keep it safe without

Throughout all of history there have been many presidents. In this paper I will be explaining about how the 7th president Andrew Jackson created Andrew Jackson and the Whig Party were similar in many ways, but Jackson started the Spoils System, Indian Removal Act, The Bank War, and created the Whig Party, which then followed him throughout his presidency. So what was Andrew Jackson’s life like before he became the 7th president of the United States of America. Andrew Jackson was born along the border of North and South Carolina and was born on March 15th, 1767.

This statement is insane, because when Jackson was elected the Bank was financially stable and had control of the money supply. Jackson was opposed to the Second U.S, but he did not oppose central banking. The members of congress that were in favor of the Second U.S Bank constructed a renewal for the banks, however, it did not go through because Jackson vetoed it(Second Bank of the United States (1816-1836). Jackson deemed it correct to use gold or silver as the country’s money supply, and he found using any foreign coin that congress accepted adequate as well.

As a result of Congress not re-instating the Bank of the United States, the new state charter banks were able to issue more currency than previously done by the Bank of the United States and the state banks while it was around. By 1815, “there were 256 state chartered banks and almost $70 million in their bank notes in circulation.” (Shmoop, 2008) which in comparison to the Bank of the United States who back in 1809 only had $6 million in circulation in their bank notes. Later the Bank of the United States was re-instated but only took over some of the nation’s money supply, and even after its reinstatement the value of the circulating bank notes reduced to $45 million which was still a vast improvement to the $6million before the new state chartered banks. The state chartered banks made capital available to a larger audience than ever before and had such a critical impact on the American

The Federal Reserve was not established until 1913. During the Revolutionary war, the federal government printed the United States first printed money. However after the war ended, the U.S. had a substantial amount of debt and there was no common currency at that time. In 1790 the First Bank of the U.S. was established to help deal with war debts that the United States had accumulated. Alexander Hamilton, the United States treasury secretary at the time, designed the bank. The bank had a main office in Philadelphia, and a branch in each of the nation’s 8 major cities.Though originally designed to help with the government’s finances, it also served as a commercial bank. This bank lasted from 1791 to 1811. As the debt from the War of 1812 piled

This brings us to the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve is a private entity that is not connected or governed by the United States. It came into existence in 1913 by the Federal Reserve act. Many people believed are still believe it is a part of our government. Sadly, they are greatly mistaken. It originated from Jekyll Island are very wealthy people gathered to create it for their own selfish and personal gain from which only they controlled. The founding fathers stated clearly in the Constitution that there should never be a central bank and that gold and silver should be legal tender. The Federal Reserve act single-handedly broke this law with the issuance of paper currency. The main consensus would be that the American people would now be able to store their gold and silver or “wealth” “safely” inside these banks behind both doors for a small fee. In return they would be given paper notes correlating with the amount of gold or silver they deposited in the bank. If they were to spend these notes at a merchant 's store the marching could then decide to go to the bank and deposit the notes for the equivalent in gold or silver. It was such a great system that other countries decided to trust it and store their gold in US banks. In return they also got US dollars. Seems like a pretty solid monetary system right? Well it was for a while, until certain people started to become greedy. The people with control and power took advantage of the system. Think

There have been many controversies since the United States declared independence in 1776. One of the many domestic issues that divided American citizens was developing the First National Bank in the late 1700s. Hamilton was in favor, while Jefferson opposed and American citizens chose their side based on what they believed what was best for the country. Hamilton proposed a Report on a National Bank in December of 1790 announcing what the National Bank would include. Hamilton’s proposal included, “The bank’s stock would be worth $10,000,000. 20,000 shares would be sold privately at $400 per share ... 5,000 shares or $2,000,000 of bank stock would be bought by the U.S. government. The bank would be run by a 25-man board of directors - 20 chosen by the shareholders and 5 by the government. The bank’s president would be elected by the board of directors. Notes and bills (money) issued by the bank would be redeemable on demand ... and would be accepted by the U.S. government for all payments due. The bank’s charter would run for 20 years and would be subject to renewal by Congress. The bank would be allowed to establish branch offices in other cities; its main branch would be in Philadelphia, the nation’s capital” (http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/teachers/lesson_plans/pdfs/unit3_ 4.pdf). Although the first part of the bank bill, establishing a national mint, did pass with ease, supporters and opposers debated the rest of the bill, which included the development of

For Americans firsts 70 years private entities and not the federal government issued paper money. Notes that was printed by the states chartered banks which could of been exchange for gold and silver. From the founding of the United States passage of National Banking Act 8,000 different countries issued currency which created a widely money supply facilitated rampant counterfeiting. By establishing a single national currency the National Banking act eliminated the overwhelming variety of paper money circulating throughout the country and created a system of banks chartered by the federal government rather than by the states. The law also assisted the federal government in financing the Civil War. Before gold and silver was discovered in the west the United States lacked sufficient quantity of precious metals for minting coins. A 1793 law permitted spanish dollars and other foreign coins to be a part of the American monetary system. Foreign coins was not banned until 1857. The highest bill ever produced by the United States Bureau of Engraving and printing was the $100,000 gold certificate. The money was printed between December 18, 1934 and January 9, 1935 with the picture of President Woodrow on the front. The notes wasn’t available to the public they were only use for transaction

When it comes to the supply of money, different actions are taken to assure stability in our country. To ensure we are keeping consistent with the loss in value of currency throughout the years, the Federal Reserve changes either the inflation or the interest rates so that prices will be able to balance the debt amount. With actions like such, there are purposes sought by the Federal Reserve Act set toward “the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee…: to promote… the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates” (Federal Reserve). These are a matter of acts under the monetary policy. However, today in America, we are still suffering from the continuous increase in our national debt, a problem that has been growing since the start of the new century.

“The central bank is an institution of the most deadly hostility existing against the Principles and form of our Constitution. I am an Enemy to all banks discounting bills or notes for anything but Coin. If the American People allow private banks to control the issuance of their currency, first by inflation and then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around them will deprive the People of all their Property until their Children will wake up homeless on the continent their Fathers conquered. ” (3) Jefferson knows that a national bank that printed its own money backed by coin is the only answer.

In 1781 the first attempt in central banking was undertaken by an act of the Congress of the Confederation, thereby creating the Bank of North America. This bank was given exclusivity in the domain of issuing of national bills and credit. The idea was that this bank run by Robert Morris would act as the monetary agent of the US government which was needed to help deal with the funding of the Revolutionary War. Prior to the ratification of the Articles of Confederation & Perpetual Union in 1781, only the thirteen states had the sovereign power to issue their own bills of credit. Therefore before the ratification it was State Chartered banks that were providing the credit for the war, through the use of continental currency or “continentals.” These continentals were depreciating in value to the point of becoming distressed assets so it was Morris’s assertion that this private “for profit” monopolized commercial bank would be the only viable solution. With the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, congress also gained the power over the issue of bills of credit, so Morris went to work establishing America’s first central bank. It is also important to note that this function was not essential to continuing the war effort as with the defeat of the British in Yorktown in October of 1781 excluding several small skirmishes, the war had already ended. The Bank of North America essentially provided the greatest monetary benefit to the holders of large amounts of

After the Revolutionary War, many of the country’s citizens were in great debit and there was widespread economic disruption. The country was in need of an economic overhaul and the new country’s leaders would need to decide how to do this to ensure the new country did not fall apart. After two unsuccessful attempts at a national banking system, the Federal Reserve System was created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. Since its inception, the Federal Reserve System has evolved into a central banking system that grows with the country. The Federal Reserve System provides this country with a central bank that is able to pursue consistent monetary policies. My goal in this paper is to help the reader to understand why the Federal

The financial crisis of 2008 has been described as the worst financial crisis the world has seen since the great depression, but there are now murmurings of the potential for an even greater financial crisis, a currency crisis, caused by the demise of the US Dollar. The Dollar has been the reserve currency of the world since it took over from the Pound at the end of world war two, but we examine if it is about to crash spectacularly?

1. The gold standard and the money supply. Under the gold standard all national governments promised to follow the “rules of the game”. This meant defending a fixed exchange rate. What did this promise imply about a country’s money supply? A country’s money supply was limited to the amount of gold held by its central bank or treasury. For example, if a country had 1,000,000 ounces of gold and its fixed rate of exchange was 100 local currency units per ounce of gold, that country could have 100,000,000 local currency units outstanding. Any change in its holdings of