Since the dawn of man, survival was achieved through hunters and gatherers who scavenged for essential supplies to maintain health and prevent starvation. Eventually, with subsequent time, this repetitive period of trial and error along with human’s instinct for survival led to miraculous discoveries about human anatomy and ailments that negatively impact health. Presently, scientists work together to find new advancements for the cure and prevention of diseases. Many of these cures have saved millions. For example, the polio virus ravaged humans throughout the 1950’s.1 Citizens feared for their lives, and little could be done to ensure their safety. Polio was a global epidemic; the “lucky few” developed severe flu-like symptoms such as a …show more content…
Racial ambiguities such as this were quite common for the time, so much, so it became known as the Jim Crowe Era. Jim Crowe defined African Americans quality of life.3 The anti-black Jim Crowe Laws were not abolished until the late-1960’s.3 Henrietta and other citizens of color were damned at birth. Society treated them as second class citizens. Under these circumstances, following in her family’s footsteps, Henrietta began to work on the tobacco plantation as a farmer.2 Then at the young age of 14, she gave birth to her first child, Lawrence, who was fathered by her cousin, Day Lacks. Four years later Henrietta had a second child, Elsie, also with her cousin Day.2 Ms. Lacks and her newly formed family continued to live in Clover until 1941 when they relocated for work; specifically, work created by the Bombing of Pearl Harbor. Historically WWII is a tragedy although in Henrietta’s time the jobs created as an effect had a positive impact on poor citizens financially.2 However, nearly a decade later she decided to go to John Hopkins hospital for treatment of a “knot” on her womb (shortly after the birth of her fifth child) where Henrietta was diagnosed with cervical cancer.2 Ms. Lacks’ cancer was treated aggressively and swiftly. Sadly, she did not survive the
After 1924 Henrietta’s Eliza died giving birth to her tenth child. After this Henrietta and her sibling where taken to her father’s hometown, clover. When all of the siblings arrived in clover they had to be split up to live with different relatives in different homes. Henrietta ended up with her grandfather and cousin Tommy Lacks and David Lacks also known as Day. As Henrietta grew older, she began to gain attention from her cousins Day and Joe. Since she had been staying the same room as Day ever since she had moved with her grandfather, she found herself pregnant with Day’s child. At the age of fourteen she gave birth to her first child, Lawrence and four years later at the age of eighteen she gave birth to her second child, Elsie. Elsie was unfortunately was born with epilepsy and was never able to speak. On April 10, 1941 Henrietta and Day got married at their preacher’s house. Soon after this Day left Henrietta and the children behind and went with Fred to Baltimore to start a new life and eventually bring Henrietta and the children to Baltimore to start their new life. When Fred got drafted he left all of his money to day and told him to buy a train ticket for Henrietta and the children. Soon Henrietta was on a train with her children leaving all her old childhood memories at the tobacco
Grey and his actions. Zakariyya holds onto to these damaging emotions which causes him to act out in rage and violence. Deborah and Zakariyya have very different ways of reacting and handling their emotions, however all the emotions they are feeling are valid in their obscure and painful situation. Henrietta’s life is the prime example of the level of racism in the healthcare system in the 1950s. The struggles that blacks faced during this time period were only made worse by the poor treatments from the doctors or even the complete disregard for their black patients. According to Skloot the issues relating to blacks seeking medical care could include being hospitalized later in stages of their sickness, fewer pain medications, and higher mortality rates. These facts that came from the racist healthcare system greatly influenced Henrietta’s life, by causing her more pain since the doctors kept sending her away without the appropriate treatment. This surely wouldn’t have happened if Henrietta was a middle class white woman. No one can know for sure, but perhaps giving Henrietta the proper care and treatment from the beginning would not only ease her suffering, but also her
In the early 1900’s medicine was making some steps closer into some great improvements for health and better understanding of the human body. Doctors with sufficient knowledge of the human body and cures for diseases and viruses were scarce. People were much more concerned with government and politics, than health and medicine, until one of the greatest and most grotesque lethal pandemics that’s struck the earth in human history. This pandemic the “Spanish Flu” spread so rapidly and had an extremely high mortality rate. This was caused by the close contact of humans and poor cleanliness and sanitation, and the host (virus) and the body taking harsh action
The 1950s are very different times in America, especially for blacks that are seeking medical care from hospitals or clinics, where racial discrimination is still quite widespread. The struggles that blacks face at this time period are only made worse by the poor treatment from the doctors and the sheer disregard for black patients, in comparison to white patients, “But several studies have shown that black patients were treated and hospitalized at later stages in their illnesses than white patients. And once hospitalized, they got fewer pain medications and higher mortality rates” (Skloot, 64). Henrietta’s life is greatly affected by the racism in
The time period Henrietta Lacks lived in wasn’t the ideal conditions for black people. Even though slavery was over and everyone was considered equal, black people were still separated from whites in this this time period. Henrietta grew up in a poor black community that didn’t really have black medical centers nearby, babies were born in the houses and not many of them ever went to a doctor. Later on in chapter one Henrietta finds a lump insider her vagina and she was bleeding when it wasn’t her time of the month. John Hopkins hospital was twenty miles away from her house, but it was the only hospital that would accept black families like the Lacks. I did not like how some hospitals would reject sick black people even though it meant some
No one would have suspected when Henrietta Lacks was born in 1920 that she would change the study of cells forever. She was born with the name Loretta Pleasant to Eliza and Johnny Pleasant, however her name was soon changed to Henrietta. When her mother died in 1924 giving birth to her tenth child, Henrietta’s father gave his children to the care of various relatives in Virginia. Henrietta ended up in the care of her grandfather, Tommy Lacks, and sharing a room with her cousin David “Day” Lacks (Biography.com Editors).
In August of 1920, Henrietta Lacks was born and reared in Virginia. She was one of ten children. Once her mother passed away, all of her siblings were allocated to other relatives in the family. Henrietta was sent to live with her grandfather on his tobacco farm. She lived a poor lifestyle and in a time period where racial segregation was more than common. When she was grown, she married her cousin David “Day” Lacks. Together they had a total of five children. The first born was a son named
It all started with her feeling a “knot in her womb” and a visit to the gynecology clinic at John Hopkins Hospital. For many months she visited the doctor back and forth for multiple things like the birth of her son, discovering she had untreated gonorrhea and syphilis and what later turned out to be cervical cancer. Being that Henrietta was a black woman, the author depicted a vivid image of how black people were treated and discriminated against in hospitals back in the early to mid 1900’s. There were colored fountains and colored-only exam rooms. So, when she discovered she had these diseases it came as no shock that they had been untreated for so long.
Due to previous experiences with reporters and white people in general, the children of Henrietta became skeptical of anybody inquiring about their mother and her cells (Skloot, 2010, p. 49). Therefore, when Ms. Skloot enters the lives of the Lacks family; it was a challenge. Before she could even talk to the family, Ms. Skloot had to obtain the trust of Dr. Roland Pattillo, a professor of gynecology at Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta, GA (Skloot, 2010, p. 49). It took three days for Rebecca Skloot to convince Dr. Pattillo that she can be trusted to tell Henrietta’s story (Skloot, 2010, p.
Early in the book Henrietta passes away due to her cervical cancer. Before Henrietta passed she told her sister Gladys to make sure her husband, David “Day” Lacks, takes care of her children, especially her “baby girl Deborah,” and not to let anything bad happen to her children. When Henrietta passed, Day was working two jobs so their oldest child, Lawrence, who was sixteen at the time, dropped out of school and picked up a job in order to help take care of his younger siblings. Lawrence faked his age, claiming to be eighteen, so when the Korean War came around he was drafted. Since Lawrence was gone in the military, Day had to find someone else to watch his children. Elsie, Henrietta’s second child had been diagnosed at a young age with idiocy, epilepsy, and neurosyphilis, and was committed to Crownsville State Hospital “The Hospital for the Negro Insane” where she eventually passed away at the age of fifteen, shortly after Henrietta’s death. David Jr. “Sonny”, Henrietta’s third child, Deborah, Henrietta’s fourth child, and Joseph “Joe” were all very young when Henrietta died. Sonny, Deborah, and Joe were still living with Day while Lawrence was in the military
The cause of health disparities are multidimensional, ranging from SES, to educational obtainment and race. Due to a lack of education dictated by her race, Henrietta is stuck in cycle of poverty that leads to increased health disparities. As a young African American women in the 1950’s, Henrietta was subjected to inequalities in health services, access to education and even occupational opportunity. Due to her lack of education, Henrietta did not have any other opportunity but to work on a tobacco plantation where she was most likely paid a meager salary. Due to lacking economic means, education and race, she was stuck in a cycle of poverty that builds on itself and is exacerbated by the addition of children. Once children are involved there
Henrietta was a mother of 5 children, Lawrence, Elsie, David Jr.,Deborah, and Joseph who were left behind to their father after Henrietta died. Elsie was diagnosed with syphilis and epilepsy much earlier in life which caused her to not be able to hear or speak. She was later admitted into the psychiatric Crownsville Hospital for people who were insane and her younger siblings didn’t even know she ever existed until later. Day had his cousin Galen and wife Ethel move in with him after Henrietta died to help take care of the children which ultimately ended up being the sad fate for the children. The oldest, Lawrence, moved in with his girlfriend Bobbette, Elsie died isolated in Crownsville Hospital, leaving Deborah to be sexually abused by Galen and Joseph to be separated from the rest of the family and physically abused. The Lacks siblings later find out about the HeLa cell discovery of their mother from a scientist from the National Cancer Institute. After finding everything out, the Lacks family felt incredibly betrayed given that the doctors and Johns Hopkins hospital were both profiting from the discovery while they were all living in
Henrietta Lacks was born in 1920, the eight of ten children. Her mother died in 1924, and her father took all the children to the family’s home in Clover,Virginia and made them split up to live with different relatives.Lacks was placed with her grandfather, Tommy Lacks.They lived in a four room cabin that was once used for slavery. This cabin became the biggest part of her life. Henrietta was pretty popular in high school. She was very gorgeous, so she got a lot of attention from boys. Her affections came from her cousins Day and “Crazy Joe”. The cousin, Day, was the boy she had stayed with in the cabin ever since she was young. They had two children. One was Lawerence and the other was Elsie, who was mentally retarded. Henrietta and Day ended up getting married two years after Elsie’s birth.
Henrietta Lacks was a strong African American woman born August 1, 1920, in Roanoke Virginia. At fourteen, she gave birth to first child with Cousin David (Day). Later, she delivered her second child before marrying Day on April 10, 1941. Eventually, they had three more children. The Lack’s children were loved and adored more than anything by their mother. At the age of thirty, Henrietta discovered a lump inside of her. When telling cousins Margaret and sadie that she had a knot inside of her, they did not know what was wrong. After the news, they began to grow concerned. about Henrietta’s health. “Hennie you got to go get that checked out. what if somethin bad?” they said to her. (Skoot 14). After a week later she was pregnant with fifth child. Later after Joe was born, she self-examined herself in the bathtub and could feel the lump inside of her, it began to bleed. She started growing concerned, telling Day he took her to John Hopkins hospital, which only
What if Henrietta’s story appeared in the mainstream in 1951, instead of 1976? Would it help her case? Or would anyone care because of the color of her skin? Everyone’s point of view of African Americans were very different in 1951 from in 1976. The public interpretation would be very different if publishing Henrietta’s story in 1951 because of the changes like Jim Crow Laws, segregation, and if Rebecca Skloot would even be allowed to interview the Lacks family as much as she did.