Dedication can be hard to evolve. Pursuing dreams and accomplishing what one sets out to do can also be hard. In “Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards and “Letter From Birmingham Jail” by Martin Luther King Jr. both Edwards and King think of ways to compel their audiences. King accomplishes his goals through ethos, hidden persuasiveness, and alignment; while Edwards accomplishes his goals through repetition, figurative language, and tone. In order to understand this paper one must have background knowledge on the authors and their pieces. In 1963 the Civil Rights movement was in its prime. MLK had went to jail more than 20 times for his cause and was arrested again for parading without a permit. King was stabbed in the chest and his house was even bombed. He lead a 381 day boycott and traveled over 6000 miles. Edwards was an extreme puritan in the 1700’s. He was the most powerful and persuasive puritan preachers of his time. He grew up as a devout puritan and even gave sermons while playing with his friends. He showed academic brilliance at an early age and went to Yale at 13 to become valedictorian. Later in life he became leader of the Great Awakening. In “Letter From Birmingham Jail” King wrote to the eight clergymen who stated they wanted the movement to end about why his movement was morally right. In this letter King shows how they are being nonviolent now, but in time it will evolve into something more. In “Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God”
Throughout Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” He expresses much passion. King not only used this letter in response to the several clergymen, but he has a bigger audience in mind as he goes along. In the “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” Martin Luther King Jr. uses persuasive techniques to respond to the negative letter he received. King uses not just one persuasive techniques in different parts of his letter to better get his point across, which allows the letter to better relate to all who read it. By clearly stating the problem, and going over how it can be resolved in a just, fair manner, King go against the clergymen’s letter with a clear and persuasive mind set.
The purpose for Martin Luther king to write “Letter from Birmingham Jail” was to respond to white Alabama clergymen who before this had criticized his action saying they were “unwise and untimely.” These clergymen had published a criticism directed towards King’s organization and participation in his protest march against segregation in Birmingham. This letter is not intended to persuade these men towards supporting civil rights, but rather to demonstrate that there is an immediate need towards direct action, and also that they need to open their eyes and see the African American community’s suffering. King withal expounds the need for tension, though only through nonviolent means, a tension that will coerce society to confront the present convivial iniquity head on. King disapproves being called an outsider because of his belief that humanity is part an "inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny."
How does one effectively convince another person from a radically contradictory viewpoint? Exemplified by Martin Luther King, Jr., one must be concise, calm, and aware. In August 1963, King composed the “Letter from Birmingham Jail” to bring awareness to the severe injustices acted towards his fellow African American people. King kept a collected and professional tone, always reverent to his oppressor’s opinion. His letter addressed and responded to the statement made by a collection of eight, white, male religious leaders of the South. These men verbally attacked King, his credibility, and his intentions, only fueling the fire. The issues these men provoked included, intense racism, segregation, inequality, injustice, and further demeaning factors. The men felt threatened by King and his organization. As a result, King publicized the nonviolent approach he and his organization would take. In his “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” Dr. King composed a response to the white religious leaders regarding injustice, by utilizing the rhetorical persuasive techniques of ethos, logos, and pathos.
On April 12, 1963, eight clergyman wrote an open letter, “A Call for Unity”. In this published letter, the clergyman expressed their strong disapproval of the civil rights demonstrations taking place in Birmingham, Alabama. Consequently, that same day, civil rights leader, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested for protesting without a permit. In his short eleven day jail sentence, Dr. King directly responded to the clergymen with a letter of his own. In his letter, Dr. King informed his readers about the protests in Birmingham. He explained why the protesters were civilly infringing racist laws and city ordinances; why the protesters had truth and justice; and how he was thwarted with the clergyman and white moderates in the South who said they supported his cause. In his “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, Dr. King incorporates biblical and historical allusions to defend the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism. Dr. King’s allusions gave him credibility with his target audience, the clergymen. Additionally, Dr. King subtly asks rhetorical questions and logical conclusions to force his audience to consider his purpose.
Some varieties of inspiration come as passionate love while others appeal as injustice as did Martin Luther King in his “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” Martin Luther King Jr. effectively crafted his counter argument by first directly addressing his audience, the clergymen, and then using logos, pathos, and ethos to refute his opponent's statements and present his own perspective. After stating the general purpose of his letter, Martin Luther King Jr. specifically addressed the clergymen to set up for his logical counterargument.
In the letter, “Letter from Birmingham Jail” written by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on April 16, 1963, Dr. King is answering criticism from white clergy men. King stumbled upon a statement in a newspaper while in jail and felt the need to write on it. He did it to explain why he was in jail. After all Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is a nonviolent protestor. Kings says “I am in Birmingham because in justice is here.” Dr. King wants to see a change. This paper will examine King’s uses of rhetorical devices to appeal to his audience. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s letter “Letter from Birmingham Jail” reveals all three rhetorical appeals. It appeals to ethos, logos and pathos.
King’s purposeful use of appealing to reason gave him an upper hand throughout his piece, “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” and established security in his statements. Taking ethos into consideration from Martin Luther King’s text, we saw why he presented himself in such a formal manner. “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia” (Paragraph 2, “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”). By using this appeal to credibility, King earned his audience’s respect and varnished his message. Connecting to his readers, Martin Luther King also utilized pathos throughout his letter to add just another foothold on his audience. “But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and
Martin Luther King’s inspiration for writing his, “Letter from Birmingham Jail” was mainly to appeal to an undeniable injustice that occurred during his time. His letter was in response tos eight white clergymen, who objected to King protesting in Birmingham. Dr. King effectively crafted his counterargument after analyzing the clergymen’s unjust proposals and then he was able to present his rebuttal. Dr. King effectively formed his counterargument by first directly addressing his audience, the clergymen and then using logos, pathos and egos to present his own perspective on his opponent’s statements.
Effectiveness is the reason for most argument pieces. Edwards argues in “Sinners in the hands of an Angry God” that everyone must be completely devoted to God or else God will send them to hell. Martin Luther King’s piece “Letter from Birmingham Jail” he is responding to the clergymen’s criticism. Both “Letter from Birmingham Jail” by King and “Sinners in The Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards persuade their intended audience on their subject and believe what they believe; one is more effective than the other.
Effectiveness is the reason for most argument pieces. Edwards argues in “Sinners in the hands of an Angry God” that everyone must be completely devoted to God or else God will send them to hell. Martin Luther King’s piece “Letter from Birmingham Jail” he is responding to the clergymen’s criticism. Both “Letter from Birmingham Jail” by King and “Sinners in The Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards persuade their intended audience on their subject and believe what they believe; one is more effective than the other.
Martin Luther King’s use of Pathos and Logos in “I have a Dream” showcases how he uses the devices to inspire others, compared to how he uses these rhetorical devices in “Letter From Birmingham Jail” to persuade the Clergymen. Martin Luther King, also referred to MLK, uses both Pathos and Logos to fit the audiences and occasions for each text. His uses of Pathos and Logos in these two texts are examples of how words can inspire change.
Often times in letters or passages, authors analyze strengths and weaknesses often know as rhetorical analysis. In Martin Luther King Junior’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”, he uses terms of artistic appeal by utilizing ethos, pathos, and logos to demonstrate his claim. Martin Luther King Jr. utilizes personal experiences and events to therefore convince the clergyman to stop the segregation occurring and to increase the public use of nonviolent campaigning.
The primary goal of a sermon in church is to convince or persuade the congregation to turn to God and follow his ways and beliefs. A sermon is commonly broken up into several subsections beginning with “(1) an introduction ‘to establish a common ground of religious feeling’; (2) ‘a statement of the text’ which is often drawn directly from the Bible; (3) the ‘body of the sermon,’ which consists of repeated emotional climaxes; and (4) the ‘conclusion’ which resolves the emotional tension aroused by the sermon by drawing the sinners to God.” (Pipes 143). Based on these characteristics and King’s religious background and experience as a preacher, it is logical to argue that the structure of “A Letter from the Birmingham Jail” resembles that of a sermon which is aimed at an audience much larger than that of just eight clergymen. Through his brilliant use of persuasive methods and emotional appeal, Martin Luther King turns a simple response to a letter into a national cause for white support to combat segregation.
“Faith is taking the first step even when you don't see the whole staircase.” This was said by Martin Luther King, Jr and, unknowingly, represented his life. He was a minister, and major advocate for the Civil Rights movement in America, and helped to gain equality for African Americans. While many people supported King, many changes he advocated came after his assassination in 1968. This essay will compare and contrast Martin’s two famous literary pieces, “I Have a Dream” and “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, and discuss whether he was successful with their intents.
In response to the clergymen’s letter stating that his action is “unwise and untimely”, Martin Luther King, Jr. step by step refutes the assumptions made by the clergymen. He makes effective use of storytelling, pre-counter and qualification of arguments, and appeals to logic, emotions and credence through morality.