Smell Neuron Research Paper

Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. These specialized cells are the information-processing units for the brain and are responsible for receiving and transmitting information. Each specific part of the neuron plays a role in the communication throughout the body of information. First, the Dendrites are treelike extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area of the cell body. These tiny protrusions receive information from other neurons and transmit electrical stimulation to the soma. The soma is where the signals from the dendrites are joined and then passed on. The nucleus and the soma do not play a role in the transmission of the neural signal. Instead, these two structures

Cognitive Neuroscience is the study of the structure and function of the human brain and how it plays a role in in our everyday mental processes. To date the idea of how the mind and body are connect and able to interact is still being studied. As Banich (2011) states, it is the the critical part that links the brain and mind which also encompasses neural processes. Neuroscience gives a

Smell, on the other hand, is the sense that comes from odor molecules attaching to the olfactory nerve. Air carries the odor into the nose. Then odor contacts the olfactory nerves at the top of the nasal passages. The the olfactory nerves send a signal to the olfactory bulb of the brain, and the nerve sends a signal to the front of the brain. The forebrain translates the signals of the odor into a specific smell (Swindle, Mark).

Ani Lui explained the importance of smell and how we can use it to fix are problems in life. “Nothing is more memorable than a smell. One scent can be unexpected, momentary, and fleeting, yet conjure up a childhood summer beside a lake in the mountains” (Diane Ackerman).On Ted Talk, Lui talked about how smell can be a huge resource to our everyday life.The show was called “Smelfes, and other experiments in synthetic biology”. She showed pictures of fruits like strawberries that could grow its own fruit. Ani Lui is from EIT lab, a designer. She sorts out science fiction and science fact. At their lab, they study artificial life and objects. Back in the 19-century women would put an apple under there underarm. If the man ate the apple that meant

Doctor Linqun Luo is a professor here at Stanford and currently teaches neurobiology and does research as the principal investigator in the Luo Lab as a member of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. His primary research area is the human brain focusing on neural circuits and how they function, how precise are the connections, how they develop. To this end his lab is using fly and mouse models to study their various circuits, centering mainly on the olfactory, and exploring the early development of neural networks in mammals (Luo Lab Bio). In order to write this commentary on the topic “How do neurons connect with each other”, I have chosen two pieces to read. The first, from Science magazine, outlines the main issues, goals, and paths the world is taking to understand to understand neuroscience including the research being done to answer the question in his topic. The second paper, from Cell Press, is a much more technical paper which outlines one of the pathways Luo isolated in the olfactory cortex of mice and how their neurons may connect.

This whole process is what then initiates a neural response. Our odorants act on more than just one receptor but does on different levels. Also, a single receptor will interact with more than just one different odorant on again many different levels. This means that each odorant has its own pattern on which it acts, this all being set up in the sensory neurons. From here the patterns of activity are then sent to the olfactory bulb. This is where the other neurons are then activated, done so to form a unique spatial map of the odor. The neural activity we experience is then created by this stimulation and passed on to the primary olfactory cortex that’s located at the back of the underside or “orbital” part of the frontal lobe. Finally, the olfactory information is then passed on to adjacent parts of the orbital cortex where the combination of odor and taste information help to create the perception of flavor!

On Monday, November 13, 2017, it was discovered that Kaymell purloined three (3) supplies containers and several pencils, crayons, markers, colored pencils, and other stationeries. The items were confiscated and returned to the owners, which were two of his classmates that he is usually very close to. Both students stated that they did not present the items as gifts to Kaymell nor did they lend it to him. In addition, they mentioned that he might have gotten the items from their desks when they were absent during center time, this is the time that they usually meet as a group and work together.

When flavor hits the tongue, it activates a taste cell. The taste cell then passes a message to the brain so you can know what you’re tasting. Your tongue is covered with taste buds and each one is filled with different types of taste receptor cells. The base of every taste cell in the taste bud is linked to an axon. The axon is part of a brain cell located in a bundle of cells behind your

Mint is distinctively sharper and cooler than a pine tree. Sushi is a clean smell, with a combination of sweet rice and subtle notes of ginger and lemon. An apple pie has the scent of summer because of the warmth of the cinnamon and nutmeg. Christmas is earthy mixed with a hint of sharp, clean aroma. Books are musty yet crisp, similar to a hundred-dollar bill. A dog’s pungent breath smell much like corn chips and hot dogs. Blood is an acrid, sweet, metallic aroma. Lavender is floral and has herbal notes with balsamic undertones. Ocean water is overwhelming and heavy.

For a smell to be perceived it must be an odorant, a molecule that can be smelled. These odorants then go up into the nostrils and into the nasal cavity. Most are filtered by the cilia, or nose hairs. The ones that make it all the way up to olfactory receptor cells dissolve into the mucus coating the olfactory mucosa. Each receptor cell can detect only one type of scent. After each specific receptor is triggered, the potential travels down the axon to the olfactory bulb which contains neural junctions called the glomerulus. Then the action potential travels to thru the glomerulus to another nerve cell a mitral cell. It relays information to the brain. Once in the brain it can go one of two ways. It can take the subcortical route which goes

Just like we use signals throughout our daily lives to help and direct us, our cells use them too. Signaling is a crucial form of communication utilized by our cells to send messages back and forth. Without it, we would not be alive. The signals originate from either the environment or from our cells themselves. There are various types of signaling throughout our body to correspond to the area in our bodies where the signal is occurring. Signaling involves three components: a cell that sends the signal called the sending molecule, the signaling molecule itself called a ligand, and the cell that receives the ligand called the receptor molecule. The distance of how far the signal is sent is also categorized into local or long-distance signaling.

agree with you that before reading Dickinson's passage, I never thought that simple smell can be rhetoric. I like your example of a boba shop because they are mostly decorated with themes and have many different selections like Starbucks. I did not notice that such small materials can be symbolic. I also agree with you that everything is symbolic and powerful and every material holds

In the article, “A Spectroscopic Mechanism for Primary Olfactory Reception,” by Luca Turin talks about the theory of primary olfactory. In this article he said, “Olfactory receptors respond not to the shape of the molecule but their vibrations,” which was a theory proposed by Wright Dyson (Turin). Dyson came up with this theory because he noticed that molecules can look very similar but smell completely different; the molecules can also look completely different and smell the same as well. For instance the molecular makeup of smell in bananas and pears, they can look very similar, but smell like two different things.

Case study one, The case study of Amy cooking dinner for her family and gets burnt in the process analysis that the receptor neurons responsible for sending information from her finger to her peripheral nervous system are the sensory (afferent) neurons. These neurons bring information about our surroundings from the sense organs to the brain and spinal cord. The sensory division of the peripheral nervous system carries all types of sensory information to the central nervous system including that from the special senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing, sight, pain, body position and a variety of visceral sensory information (biology reference, 2017). Typically, the afferent receptor neurons are responsible for sensing a stimulus and sending information about the stimulus reaction to the central nervous system (biology reference, 2017).

The human nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, CNS, is just the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system, PNS, includes the nerves and neurons that extend outwards from CNS, to transmit information to your limbs and organs for example. Communication between your cells is extremely important, neurons are the messengers that relay information to and from your brain.