Snow Paper Restrictions

We challenge and books, news articles, etc. everyday. We challenge and ban books for various reasons such as: having inappropriate information, alcohol and drugs, etc. In my article China Clamps Down on Online News Reporting the Chinese government asked online news reporters such as Sina, Sohu, NetEase, and Phoenix. I wouldn’t know how to respond to this due to the fact that I have never read these news sites. If I did, though they probably

“‘The chase continues north in in the city! Police helicopters are covering on Avenue 87 and Elm Grove Park!’”(Ray Bradbury 148) In this quote the media gives false information to the public on the arrest of Guy Montag. They Purposely say they have the situation under control while they do not, and cannot find Guy Montag. Cfr.org states “China’s constitution affords its citizens freedom of speech and press, but the opacity of Chinese media regulations allows authorities to crack down on news stories by claiming that they expose state secrets and endanger the country.” China’s constitution does not give press the right to say their country's secrets. China has a common censorship to Fahrenheit 451 where they do not allow the city see or state their faults or flaws. This has a similar standard to Fahrenheit 451 in where the citizens have a government wall that obstructs them from the

In the book 1984, the government has control over all media “and so it was with every class of recorded fact, great or small. Everything faded away into a shadow-world in which, finally, even the date of the year had become uncertain” (Orwell 37). Due to the party’s restraint of all media, there are no actual certainty of written records. Without written records, no one knows if the government is being truthful about what has happened in the past. The citizens even question their memories and logic because there is no certainty of the past. Without records, the government can rearrange history however they please because there is no evidence to prove they are wrong. Similarly, in the article, “The Other Side Of the Great Firewall”, China has set up an immense system of “online censorship, commonly known as the Great Firewall, [which] blocks the populace from viewing material deemed dangerous to the state” (Beech etal 2). The chinese government has blocked the chinese citizens from being able to go on a variety of websites in order to protect China from western influences. Without certain websites, the government can regulate what their citizens can see and can hide what they don’t want their citizens to see. The citizens are being blocked from information that is considered dangerous to their government. The government continually will have total jurisdiction through the use of blocking websites

After initially being held back by censors, a photo of three American corpses lying on the beach after a landing in the Pacific appeared in Life magazine.” (Photography and War. (n.d.)). For the first time in history, these colored photos provided the American people with what experiences in the war are really like.

The Jewish poet Heinrich Heine once said, "Where books are burned, human beings are destined to be burned too." Did you know that the Chinese government uses “The Great Firewall” of China to monitor and prohibit any dissent against the Chinese government?(Mark Jacob and Stephan Benzkofer) These kind of actions are called acts of censorship and most of them are against the 1st amendment, law prohibiting that Congress can’t pass a law that establishes religion, or restricts the freedom of speech in America . Censorship is when a government or social group regulates the content in movies, books, and other types of media, and prohibits content they consider obscene or inappropriate. Another instance of censorship is when 20,000 books were burned in 1933 by the Germans in the beginning of the Nazi regime(Holocaust Encyclopedia). The grave incidents that happened on May 10, 1933 were a direct result of the German propaganda against anything Jewish and non-socialist.

On January 28, 1977 one of the most devastating blizzards occurred in the upstate New York. This occurred around the Buffalo Area. The official arrival time was 11:35 am. Many people had not seen a storm like this before or since this time. This storm was credited of causing 29 deaths. The storm ended on February 1, 1977.

When the public is informed about the shortcomings of war, rarely are they shown lavishly graphic imagery, unless one has personally sought it out. This probable notion of censorship is the issue raised by Torie Rose Deghett in the article “The War Photo No One Would Publish”. Deghett introduces the reader to a potentially unfamiliar and graphic image taken during the Gulf War by photographer Kenneth Jarecke. The mere description of this image is incredibly distressing, and leads to Deghett’s main argument, where she questions if broadcasting images of this nature is necessary in order to keep the public informed. Throughout the piece Daghett appears to be mainly in favor of allowing these images to be present in the media, throughout describing how the Gulf War was dehumanized through the blocking of gruesome photographs such as Jarecke’s. While Daghett brings light to the many pitfalls of

Their system of filtering and censorship is acknowledged as the most advanced and effective in the world. The Chinese internet system includes about thirty-thousand censors, as well as having web browsers, such as Google and Yahoo, censor their results.10 For an average citizen to publish their opinions without either an elite free speech patron or a willing government publishing house, the safest method is to publicize their thoughts through an internet bulletin board system run by the Chinese government.11 However, these electronic bulletin boards are required by the law to be licensed, the posts monitored constantly, and any posts which are found to be “inappropriate” are removed. Any forums that are free from government censorship are forbidden, since the Chinese authorities refuse to recognize the rights of the citizens to publish their uncensored opinions. Furthermore, if debates over political or other issues begin to take a life of their own, they are commonly silenced by Chinese authorities.12 The Chinese authorities only permit these monitored bulletin boards both for their own benefit and because they recognize that there must be outlets for the average person to express their dissatisfaction with the government.13 Allowing the citizens to speak their mind functions to lessen the political tension, by acting as a release for their discontentment. These boards also serve as an excuse to deflect criticism by other countries, who complain that people in China do not enjoy freedom of expression. Additionally, they allow government authorities to monitor the mood of their people and to find weaknesses, both in the government and in their support. Finally, the bulletin boards allow government authorities to track those who express discontent, keeping their expressions visible, so the authorities can trace these

The copyrightable element of the 1963 image should be covered under American copyright law, but the content of the image, including originality and use that need to be defined. Elements that should be protected include the photograph itself. This includes “selecting and arranging the costume, draperies, and other carious accessories in said photograph, arranging the subject so as to present graceful outlines (Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony, 45, 48 (4 S.Ct. 1884)).” In the 19th century, this declaration was the first time the question of a photograph’s inherent copyright was explained, and is now a standard in the Copyright Act of 1976, where all “two-dimensional and three-dimensional works of fine, graphic, and applied art, photographs, and prints…that can identify separately from the utilitarian aspects.” (17 U.S.C. § 101) are considered pictorial works and protected under copyright.

Between 259-219 BC the Chinese emperor Shih Huang Ti supposedly buried 460 Confucian scholars so they could not write about this time. In 212 BC Shih Huang Ti burned all the books in his kingdom except one copy of each to put in his Royal Library. Before he died all the books in the library were destroyed in hopes that history would begin at Shih Huang Ti(Wordpress). Now there is a historian who mainly writes about Beijing. He often talks to publishers from other countries, which often leads to harassment. Some journalists will talk to the press, but will not talk to those from other countries. China has a law stating they have freedom of speech, only if they have

Abstract: This essay reflects on the relationship of photographs, history, and memory based on a found and mutilated photo album. Photographs provide opportunities for disrupting and restructuring history with their attraction to memory; they privilege the subjective, creative power of the personal explanation and provide an emotional and even ideological grounding for memory. Photographs as manifestations of memory assist in the process of understanding the present.

In Communist China, thought confining and regulation for access to banned book are existing. The authoritarian government controls all the knowledge, spiritual and cultural disseminating channel, for example, media, publishing, films, drama, etc. (Chen 2006 p.5)

Since the beginning of time, the world has fought for its freedom – freedoms of speech, thought, religion, and many more – often failing its attempts of achieving said ambitions. Currently this takes the form of multiple medias, such as internet usage, which affects nearly 1.72 billion people on a daily basis (Brandon Gaille) or even in literature where nearly 85% of books that are challenged and banned are overlooked and given no attention in media (American Library Association). This concept has always been a concern to the public and government shown by the dark history of ceremonies such as book burnings such as in Nazi Germany where they “strove to synchronize professional and cultural organizations” (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum).

This proves that China, at all costs, censors its citizens from accessing history the government deems potentially causing further protest.

Freedom of expression, and open access to media, are as fundamental to the survival of Progress as the sun and rain are to the survival of planet Earth. Yet censorship remains a traditional response of any group that finds itself offended at another's message or creative indulgence.