Spread Of Disease In Bolivia Essay

Public health may have remained a pool of disease was it not for the reforms made in the middle ages Though the town authorities tried their best, London was probably the most unsanitary town in England. Slowly, however, rules were made and enforced. In 1301 four women butchers were fined for throwing the blood and guts of slaughtered animals into the street. By 1370, 12 teams of 'muck' collectors combed the streets for animal and human excrement - money could be made out of it by selling it to local farmers (which helped further spread the various diseases…)

A way the government control diseases in the population is by planning and evaluating the health and social care provision, they do this by assessing the services that are being provided and see if they are helping problems that take place. It is also important that when infectious diseases have come up, it is a legal requirement that it is reported to the appropriate people, by doing this measures can be put in place to stop them spreading. An example for this is when diseases such as Tuberculosis (TB) and Measles are diagnosed or suspected, the local medical officer is responsible for monitoring the disease and

Description of Sanitation for an healthy community model. After the earthquake in 2010 in Haiti, there was an outbreak of Cholera. The biggest problem was the lack of sanitation and low level of awareness. In the patient education model for increasing handwashing compliance for healthcare worker; in this model, the focus will be on the patient. The nurse as an educator will be able to teach the community on the importance of a good sanitation for an healthy population. In Haiti, the majority of the rural population will gather every week in the big market to sell their crops and their good. This is a good opportunity for the nurses to reach and teach them directly. The nurses will drive a bus with

Two out of every five people living in Sub-Saharan Africa lack safe water. A baby there is 500 times more likely to die from water-related illness than one from the United States. This is a serious ongoing issue that requires the rest of the world to take action. Water spreads diseases easily if the necessary precautions are not taken. Many developing African countries don’t have sewage treatment, or the people don’t have methods to filter and disinfect. Once a person is sick either there is no way to cure them, or medical care is too expensive, so they are left untreated with a high risk of death. Although many believe that the fight for sanitary water in Africa is insurmountable, people in these developing countries can overcome their challenge to access clean water and avoid water-borne diseases through proper sewage treatment facilities, universal water filtration and medical care.

To control an outbreak as well as keep it check or even possibly get rid of it, you need to have help available and as well as the support of the community. Informing and working with those that are at risk can be a big help in keeping down the spread of a disease. If you try and tell someone something they do not want to believe or do not want to hear, they will just ignore you anyway and do as they wish even if it is not what is best for the group as a whole.

The United States is 3.806 million square miles, the land mass can’t grow to sustain an increasing population. The United States Census Bureau estimated the United States population on December 31, 2014 was 320,087,963; and this number is increasing every second. As the population increases, the environment must change to meet the demand. As sophisticated as the U.S. is, the ability to ensure that every home is clean, sanitary, has healthy living conditions with proper nutrition, and has adequate running water and utilities is limited. There are poor neighborhoods, cities, and regions; these areas are a contributor for the spread of disease. With the ease of travel, disease can spread worldwide with little to no effort. The WHO report on global

Allowing communities to detect prevalence, and having access to resources to do this, can improve the standard of living and also allows education to develop surrounding the sources of these infections (De La Rica & Stevens, 2012).

Being quarantined during the late 1800s was the traditional national strategy dealing with the importation of infectious diseases, but because trade and travel was growing this was no longer an effective way to stop the spread of illnesses (Fidler 1997, 24). The inadequate public health and sanitation system that existed throughout the 19th century to current day has been combined with travel and trade to urgently produce the globalization of public health according to David P. Fidler (1997, 25). The Zika virus is fundamentally a disease of poverty. With the push to modernize, the gap between the rich and poor has been advancing more than ever, creating a breeding ground for these infectious diseases to seek new hosts (Koch, 2016). Safe running water, improved hygiene and sanitation, and better housing would go a long way towards reducing the risk of Zika virus in the Americas and the Caribbean (Gounder, 2016). The development of the global market has increased economic competition in which the government has cut back on funding of public health programs, leaving countries in situations where they are unprepared to deal with the emergence of diseases (Fidler 1996, 78). This is where the World Health Organization becomes an important

If the movement of people,food ,and manufactured goods can have such a negative impact on public health,should steps be taken to reduce these flows?what other option are there for lowering the spread of global diseases?

First, the critical need to strengthen health systems overall; with a particular focus on low-income countries, where infectious diseases spread easily. Weak healthcare systems, health worker shortages, lack of appropriate equipment, limited knowledge and training, and insufficient information-sharing systems facilitated the EVD epidemic. Healthcare systems and regional economics are interdependent and models suggest significant future risk of mortality at a country-level and among neighboring countries (Nadhem & Nejib, 2015). Second, mobilization and capacity strengthening towards control and prevention efforts against EVD should be developed at country, regional and international levels. In the WHO Strategic Action Plan collaborative mechanisms relating to communication, public relations, social mobilization, field and cross-border coordination are being strengthened in the affected countries. Similar steps are extended to countries at risk [14,15]. Such support takes the form of activating and testing preparedness plans, active surveillance and strengthening laboratory diagnostic capacity, case management, infection prevention and control

Once the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the public health event of international importance in 2009 organizations at all levels sprung into action. Australia’s government implemented three management phases: delay, contain, and protect. They knew the importance of getting the message out to the general population. Not like Ecuador, where the government takes a different action and by containing the people in the poorer areas, and let the virus run its course. In a larger populated country like Australia, the fear of a pandemic is much broader. Australia is the 53rd largest country in the world (World Population Review). People at the national, state and local levels knew they had a challenge on preventing the spread of this outbreak. Since there are a lot of international travelers to Australia the concern to help contain the spread became a border issue. The actions of the government were to alert and communicate the concerns with people coming into the country.

In 2014 when Ebola caused mass hysteria among people, members like James G. Hodge Jr. from the Public Law Conference explained what polices are currently in place if a disease to become a pandemic. Currently in the United States, there are two policies that are specifically in place if a virus happened to spread and kill uncontrollably. The first law is a product of the U.S Supreme Court case, Jacobson v. Massachusetts. This precedent case entails that vaccines are mandatory for a child who wishes to be enrolled in school and it also gives any member of the police force the right to quarantine an infected person in order to protect the illness to spread to the healthy public. Police are even allowed to isolate a person for over seven days, which is the amount of time that it usually takes for an illness take its full form (Hodge). On the other hand, second law comes from another Supreme Court case, Mayhew v. Hickox. In contrast to the previous law, this policy states, “The court found that some quarantines as established were “unreasonable, unjust, and oppressive.” (Hodge). For example, a concerned citizen demanded to quarantine a nurse that helped treat of three Americans that were infected by Ebola. The citizen had a right to be concerned, but the request was swiftly denied because the woman showed no signs of the virus and it had been over a month since she was in contact with the particular infected patient (Hodge). There maybe a few flaws with the legal side of a potential virus outbreak, but unlike virus prevention plans, the laws that are currently in place actually displays that America is prepared for a viral outbreak in legal

Having adequate health infrastructure, trained and healthy healthcare workers (HCW) are the best way to fight an EVD outbreak. Prior to the outbreak Sierra Leone had a public health workforce of approximately 2,402 personnel. In Sierra Leone there were 3,854 laboratory confirmed cases by October 31, 2014, of those 199 (5.2%) were HCW. This means that the incidence rates of confirmed EVD in HCW were much higher (approximately100 fold) than the general population. In the healthcare community, studies show that there were reports of breach of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. 20,22

Historically, health care professionals believed rural populations had a health advantage. They frequently sent tuberculosis patients and others into the country for fresh air and a change of scenery (Lourenço 2012). However, as the scientific understanding of disease expanded and urban population and political power grew, these advantages diminished. Today, staggering disparities exist across the globe in the health status of rural populations compared to their urban counterparts, both between and within every country, making this a truly global issue. As is the case with many other global health issues, developing countries experience these inequalities with greater severity due to a lack of infrastructure and resources, especially when considering maternal and infant health. For example, in Burundi, as of 2014, the urban infant mortality rate was 49 deaths per 1000 live births, while the rural infant mortality rate was 81. In 2014, Laos had an urban infant mortality rate of 39 but a rural infant mortality rate of 85. Finally, in Bolivia in 2014, the urban infant mortality rate was 43 while the rural mortality rate was 75 (Population Reference Bureau 2014). These data demonstrate the dramatic inequity between urban and rural areas and indicate disparate access to health care for women and children. Action must be taken to alleviate these disparities in developing countries with regards to maternal and infant health. The global health community must first collaborate to

Health issues and their resolutions vary from one country to another. Various resources across the world attempt to resolve or prevent an outbreak from occurring (Lahey, 2012). The purpose of this discussion is to identify a health issue in another country and identify various factors, health policies, resources and progress to combat the health issue.