There are usually two sides to every story and Joe Sarnowski proves this in "Destroying To Save: Idealism And Pragmatism In Alice Walker's ‘Everyday Use’". “Everyday Use” is a narration about a single, African American mother raising two, very different daughters. Mama Johnson struggles to understand why each of her daughters view the value of heirloom quilts so differently. Walker uses character development and symbolism to display how something as elementary as a homemade quilt could have very different meanings for each person. While Dee/Wangero, the eldest daughter intends to use the prized quilts as art pieces, Maggie, the youngest will use them for the purpose designated. Although the mother agrees with Maggie, she criticizes with the …show more content…
Sarnowski states that, “Dee has abandoned the use of her given name in exchange for the African name Wangero. She has left her birth home, ragged and impoverished, pursued a college degree and embraced the Black Pride movement Her new found appreciation is displayed from the way she dresses up to the way she talks (274). “A dress down to the ground…so loud it hurts my eyes…yellows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun…Earrings, too, gold and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises” (Walker 493). Dee/Wangero sees no monetary value in the things that were created by her ancestors, nor does she interpret the difference between preserving and possessing them (279). She lives in a world of make-believe, one that is complete only from her view point (Baker 176). She marvels over ordinary household items that she grew up around, but now aspires to turn them into display pieces (274). Most importantly the quilts that were hand-stitched by her mother, grandma and sister. Even though she declares that they are priceless (Walker 496), she provides no compensation for them, or nothing to replace them (276). Sarnowski asserts that her, “belief that the worth of these heirlooms cannot be measured by money reflects an idealization of both her African and African-American heritage” (275). In Susan Farrell’s “Fight vs. Flight: A Re-evaluation of Dee in Alice Walker’s ‘Everyday Use’,” she states, “While Dee is …show more content…
As Sam Whitsitt explains, “The quilt represents the female’s side of history and tradition. It binds a culture to its past and the culture’s past to the present and future (445). Sarnowski shows how Mrs. Johnson’s connection to the quilts tells us about her link to her past. She is able to draw the lineage of each slice of material stitched into the quilt (284). Sarnowski’s symbolism of a quilt piece stitched together being parallel to a collection of family members bound together is supported in this passage,” The quilts remain appropriate for “everyday use” so long as the art of their manufacture remains alive.” (Cowart 179). However, Sarnowski maintains that heritage, for Mrs. Johnson and Maggie, is the human action of connecting the pieces together and he further says that the routine of not utilizing them for the purposes intended would be removing them from the living tradition. Even though they are made from fabrics with no monetary value, they are no longer available to recycle and use to create more quilts, which would carry their heritage (284). Sarnowski defines the quilts’ symbolism for Dee/Wangero as not being of any less value if she displays them rather than they be destroyed by everyday use. Sarnowski states that the more society views the quilts as art pieces, the more they are worth in value and/or status to the owner (285). Sarnowski offers that Dee/Wangero has no greater
“They had been pieced together by Grandma Dee and then Big Dee and Mama Johnson, had hung them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them”(Walker,1973). The three spent time bonding together, which was seen as precious memories on the quilt. The quilts contained “scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years, pieces of Grandpa Jarrell’s Paisley shirts. It also contained pieces of Great Grandpa Ezra’s uniform that he wore in the Civil War ”(Walker,1973). Mama Johnson saw these quilts as needing to be appreciated and taken care of when needed as she can depend on Maggie, her younger daughter, to replace the quilts as she know how to sew and have memories of her past family members. Dee also understand that the quilts were made by important family members as she stated she would,”hang them”, as if that was the only thing you could do with quilts, because they are
Although Dee does not want any dealings with her African American background, she still wants the sentimental items that come with it. This entire situation is very ironic seeing that she degraded her family’s heritage earlier in the story. Cowart viewed this situation as “hopelessly selfish and misguided.” The irony in the situation is that she did everything she could not to be connected to the family, yet she still wants items that are family heirlooms. Walker proves that no matter how hard one try to disconnect from a family; it will always be there in some shape.
Here the tone shifted from prideful to authoritative. Dee demanded to own the two quilts. Mama said the quilts had been made by her ancestors and she “hung up on them on the quilt frames on the front porch and made them (762).” The quilt frames symbolize the object which helps organize and keep the family's generations alive, and the front porch symbolizes the connection of the family with the world. Mama knew the quilts were what kept the generations together, regardless of what the people around thought or did.The quilts needed to be used in order to keep the family traditions alive. Soon after, the protagonist came up with an excuse and said the “lavender [pieces], [came] from old clothes” which had been “handed down (762).” The lavender symbolizes love and devotion. The old clothes symbolize the legacy of the family's heritage. Although Dee only wanted to the quilts, Mama felt her past family's love and devotion through the quilts. Dee wanted the quilts because to preserve them, not because of an emotional connection to them. In addition, the young woman continued to offend her mother to the point where Mama told her the quilts were for Maggie, the youngest sister, and Dee exclaimed how her sister could never “appreciate the quilts.” She continued and said “She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use (762).” Everyday use represents the “everyday use” of customs and true purpose of the quilts. Although Dee thinks her sister will destroy the blankets through sex and daily use, Mama wanted her to understand how everything she wanted had a special purpose in their
Because, the quilts had been made by the grandmother’s hands, the work that went into the quilts is the reason for importance of saving or preserving them as a family heirloom. “Maggie”, knows the true value of the quilts, “Dee” seems to view them as any other common blanket. Alice Walker stated in the story that Maggie felt like the world never learned to tell Dee no. That is a direct reference to the mother never standing up to Dee and asserting her rightful place.
Mama had been so excited for Dee’s visit because she hadn’t seen Dee in years, “You’ve no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has “made it” is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage,” Mama had dreamed of this day to come because she knew she had done something good for her child, something to be proud of. But upon Dee’s arrival both Mama and Maggie had noticed her change as if she was better then them and understood more of African culture because she had an education, “ I couldn’t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.” Dee had converted not only her name but her clothes and jewelry to make a statement of what “real” heritage is. This quilts led to a controversy between the meanings of their heritage. Ironically for Dee, Mama had offered her the quilts a long time ago but was too interested in appearance rather than the legacy left behind, “ I had offered Dee a quilt when she went away for college. Then she had told they were old- fashioned, out of style.” Then when she comes back, she wants to hang them as décor and doesn’t want Maggie to have them because she’ll ruin them, ““Maggie can’t appreciate these quilts!” she said. “ She’d probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use.”
Through humorous comments, the mother paints a picture of what she is thinking, and allows the audience to see her as she is, and not as the world and those around her perceive her to be. Specifically the mother describes the characters appearance, and actions, as well as offers analogies, such as mothers on T.V. To support her view of reality, or how things really were, in her opinion. As the story progressed, she reveals cultural differences between Mama, Maggie and Dee. Walker also points out the importance of respecting your immediate heritage such as parents, and other family, and truly knowing and internalizing the real meaning of racial
In Alice Walker’s “Everyday Use”, Walker juxtaposes two different daughters in their quest for a cultural identity. The narrator, their mother, talks about how each daughter is different; Dee went off to college and became well-educated, contrary to their impoverished and low status as black women in the south. Meanwhile, Maggie isn’t nearly as educated as Dee is, but is still literate. The entire story centers around Dee’s visit with her new Muslim significant other. The story’s climax is when Dee wants to take two special quilts back home, but those quilts are for Maggie. These precious quilts comprise their culture. Henceforth, Dee does not deserve to take the quilts with her because she has decided to take on a culture that varies significantly from her own and she is already used to getting what she wants.
In "Everyday Use" by Alice Walker, Dee or better known as "Wangero" struggles with her conflicting feelings about her heritage. It is shown throughout the story that she does not understand what heritage actually means or what it is about. Many of Wangero's decisions and actions throughout the story support her misunderstanding of heritage. Deciding to change her name and appearance, always shaming Mama and Maggie's home life, her use for the passed down assets and rejecting her real heritage for an ideal one all show that Dee does not understand the actual meaning of heritage.
Dee is already claiming the quilts to herself, even though Mama has never said "yes" that she could have them. Dee challenges Mama's authority by grasping the quilts and moving back as her mother tries to touch them. By doing this, she also disregards Mama's free will to give the quilts to whomever she would like. Mama observes that if Dee cannot preserve the unity of the family by honoring her mother, then how will she be able to appreciate the quilts in a respectable way. Dee has nothing but put-downs for Maggie, implying that she is more deserving to receive the quilts. She is using
Johnson has promised to Maggie as a wedding present. These hand sewn quilts were priceless in both women's eyes but for very different reason. Mrs. Robinson looked at them as a part of her life, her everyday use, made from her mother and grandmother's old dresses. "Wangero" saw them in regards to their monetary value. She tells her mother and Maggie that they do not appreciate them for their value, and they do not understand their heritage. She wants to hang them up on a wall, as if to display her heritage, her family's customs. It is clear that Alice Walker disdains Wangero's attitude towards her past, as does the reader. We know who it is who really does not appreciate their heritage, Wangero.
Bits and pieces of Grandpa Jattell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War.” They made the quilts out of old clothing from about fifty years ago. They probably didn’t have the money to go buy new fancy material to make their quilt so instead they used creativity and made quilts from old clothing. This shows how they made the best out of everything even if they didn’t have the right materials to make the
Dee is the afro-centric, ego- centric and eccentric pseudo-intellect. She values her culture in a more materialistic aspect. She respects the artifacts of her history rather than the usefulness. Dee’s earthly-mindedness sets the stage for conflict throughout the entire story, from her arrival until the central conflict when there is a battle amongst the other two main characters Mama and Maggie, about who is truly entitled to the hand-stitched quilts. The quilts were works of art that have been passed down throughout
Culturally, the symbolism of a quilt is understood to be an heirloom piece that is closely guarded and highly prized. The ownership of the quilt and the generational lines it passes down is known before the piecing is begun. Stitching the pieces together is done by groups of women. The tiny bits of cloth each carry a memory, one from grandpa's shirt, one square from an aunt's Christmas dress, a piece from the flannel nightgown a mother wore as she pulled her sick child close to her bosom. The pieces are carefully and artistically pieced together into a collage of
In Alice Walker's "Everyday Use” she creates a conflict between characters. Walker describes a family as they anxiously await the arrival of, Dee, the older sister of the family. When Dee (Wangero) comes home to visit Mrs. Johnson and Maggie, right away the readers see the differences in the family by how they talk, act, and dress. Dee has changed her name to an "African" name and is collecting the objects and materials of her past. Dee thinks that since she is in college she knows mores then the rest of her uneducated family. She is more educated and looks down on the simple life of her mother and sister. When Dee asks for a beautiful family heirloom quilt to hang on her wall, Mrs. Johnson finally denies her of this task. Mrs. Johnson finally sees that Dee does not want the quilt for the same purpose as Maggie does. Instead, Mrs. Johnson will give Maggie the quilt to keep her and her husband warm. The theme of the importance of heritage becomes clear at this point of the story. This theme is shown by Walker's use of conflict, irony, and symbolism. All throughout her short story she incorporates heritage. She describes it as a background feeling between family members, and African heritage to heirlooms that have been in the family line for generations. Dee the older sister takes her heritage for granted by only wanting her heirlooms for her educational purposes.
Everyday Use Alice Walker most famous short stories. Symbolism is used throughout this piece to develop Walker's overall theme. For instance, quilts are mentioned throughout the entirety of the story. These quilts are homemade by Walker herself, her mother, and her sister. They are comprised of clothing