Summary: Understanding Scholarly Research Articles

Summary of Article or Findings: The key problem the authors raise is if there is a stigma directed at registered sex offenders. The research focuses on certain consequences that register sex offenders deal with because of their status. The data gather in the research shows key problems in being a registered sex offender. The evidence that shows the key problem of being a registered sex offender is actual insight from actual registered sex offenders. The key finding of the research is there are main consequences that registered sex offender’s deal with because of being a registered sex offender. The sex offender’s deal with family and intimate relationship issues, loss of employment, denied promotions at work, lack of housing, different types of harassment. The key concept which leads to the conclusion is that there is a stigma directed at registered sex offenders. Since the registered sex offenders have consequences because of their status as a registered sex offender it gives the look that no matter what, they will never fulfill their debt to society. The conclusion the author’s made is that there are problems with registered sex offenders in locations that have need been studied and those that have been studied. The consequences the registered sex offenders receive could cause further problems such as reoffending and that the stigma regarding sex offenders is still active.

Very little work has focused on studying recidivism by offenders after punishment and how prevention measures may improve recidivism rates and affect cooperation. “National recidivism rates are at an estimated amount of 73% and of the whole jail population 42.5% are women” (Berenji, 2014, p.131). As you can see about half of the inhabitants of the jails are women; so recidivism is an ongoing issue that needs to be solved. Recidivism is a growing distress in the U.S today, not only with men but women as well. Not many studies have been steered towards women reverting back to crime as there are men, but it is a concern. It is impossible to make this issue disappear fully, but with fundamental changes the

The Bureau of Justice Statistics conducted a survey of prisoners from over 300 parole offices in 40 states with 17,738 prisoners participating and a 61% response rate (Beck & Johnson, 2012). The focus of the survey is sexual victimization during the entire length of the prison term served by each inmate. In all, 9.6 percent of former state prisoners, or 2,096, reported one or more events during their most recent time in prisons, jails or community-treatment facilities. To create national level statistics, the number was weighted and applied to total 49,000 prisoners nationwide or 9.6 percent of all underactive supervision at the middle of the year 2008. Therefore, the unit of analysis is each individual of the incarcerated prison population of the United States.

Classical theory of labeling suggests that formal societal reaction to crime can be the cause of the development of one’s criminal career; however, modern theorists have predicted that several different processes cause the involvement of offenders in crime and deviance to increase. [1] Base on these theories, in recent years, the procedural and restorative justice approaches have been working on demolishing the stigma associated with offenders. Procedural justice is the process of making and implementing fair decisions, so parties involved in the matter can feel affirmed with the outcomes, [2] while Restorative justice is a

This research paper is focused on released convicts and the struggles they face to become active, progressive members of society. Sadly, these released offenders regularly face discrimination in their job searches, in attempts to secure housing for themselves and their families, and to be accepted by their communities. Without the right support structures in place upon their release, these former prisoners may very well fall back into lives of crime. Without a suitable place to stay, these released offenders may become recidivists, falling back into their familiar roles as law breakers, if only to provide the basic necessities for themselves and their

In this paper I examine the effects of reflected appraisals on current and past offenders as well as on the remainder of society. Those who have criminal backgrounds often do not feel that they are defined as being criminals, however, society still tends to label them as such and does not fully accept them. A brief history of reflected appraisals is given as well as a general explanation about how the theory works. I then examine the causes and effects of reflected appraisal as well as offering advice on how the social stigmas of prisoners held by society and the stigmas that prisoners hold about society can be removed. Lastly, I describe

My views of offenders have changed since I have got to understand not all offenders have the same thoughts and feelings. Offenders characteristics and values depend on what they see as motivation and satisfaction for them as an individual. Some factors why offenders abuse include over usage of drugs or alcohol, past history of seeing their family doing the same actions, psychological problems, or intimacy

It showed that 27 percent of African Americans were female reoffenders (Anumba, Dematteo, & Heilburn, 2012). In addition, studies did not relate female offenders to recidivism that had victimization experiences, but focus more toward vulnerable in mental health and stress issues. Recidivism is an unconventional pathway that female offenders experience due to exclusive life encounter, which are not normally notice with males (Salibury et. al., 2009). Moreover, there are two models discussed, which are childhood victimization model, relational model, and social and human capital model that are considered as pathway models. The childhood victimization model measures victimization in mental illness and substance abuse history, current depression and anxiety, and vigorous substance abuse. The rational model involves dysfunction relationship that can help reduce levels of self-efficacy and increase adult victimization, and ensue thru issues with depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. This identifies the relationship that females have with others that can be self-wroth and empowerment. The social and human capital model offer educational, relationship, familial support, self-efficacy, employment, and financial

In the United States, there are 747,000 register sex offenders. Only 33% are in correction facilities. “An estimated 24% of those serving time for rape and 19% of those serving time for sexual assault had been on probation or parole at the time of their repeat offenses. Offenders with a previous sex offense conviction have a 37% re-offense rate. Rapists repeat their offenses at rates up to 35%” (HFR). These offenders have violated another

The focus of this paper is juvenile sex offenders. We believe that this population is in need of more intensive community-based services, especially for those who are registered as a Megan’s Law Offender and have to follow the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Process. Three case studies will be illustrated in order to demonstrate our motivation to pursue social justice for this population.

Doherty, Sherri, Pamela Forrester, Amanda Brazil, Flora I. Matheson. 2014. “Finding Their Way: Conditions for Successful Reintegration Among Women Offenders”. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 57(7): 562-586. Accessed September 21, 2015. doi: 10.1080/10509674.2014.944740

Evidence-based interventions have proven to be an effective measure to decrease recidivism for incarcerated female inmates’ despite over the past years the incarceration rate had drastically increased. In-prison treatment programs are tailored to reduce risk of recidivism when released and to reduce disruptive behavior within (Bonta, Pang, & Wallace-Capretta, 1995). The risk-reduction model focus on recidivism; it identifies risk factors that causes the behavior and empirically shown to predict reoccurrences; whereas, the enhancement model focus on the psychological and physical well-being of the inmate; “it identifies improvement matters such as coping with physical or sexual abuse, parenting, and HIV risk (Schram & Morash, 2002), with the assumption that improved psychosocial well-being will ultimately reduce women’s likelihood of criminal behavior” (Sorbello, Eccleston, Ward, & Jones, 2002, p. 15).

As a Criminal Justice graduate student, I had the opportunity to examine various facets of the judicial system. In my quest to find the area that I felt I could make the most profound impact, I discovered that the Criminal Justice field and Social Work frequently intertwine. With the realization of this knowledge, I decided to procure the Masters of Science in Social Administration as to provide me with the credentials needed to serve beyond the scope of what my MSCJ allotted. By receiving an MSSA, I will have more career opportunities as I would possess the qualifications to be eligible for LSW licensing and the latter, LISW licensing, thus placing me in occupational settings that are conducive to my career goals. It is my desire to incorporate

There are typologies specific to female sex offenders, because they are less likely to sexually reoffend in comparison with male offenders. Nevertheless, male offenders are less likely to commit sexual assaults with the co-offender or even a group (Williams & Bierie, 2015). Females taking an active role in the abuse are frequently engaged in direct sexual contact with the victim. The passive participation of women does not end with the direct sexual contact, but in this case, they observe the abuse without intervening (Mancini, 2014). The major difference between the female and male offenders’ typologies is in the presence of a co-offender, the motivation of the offense, and the age of the

Meda Chesney-Lind’s feminist Theory of Female Delinquency (1986) Address is how females in the rights of females are mostly ignored in the field criminology as well as how women were afterthoughts in a criminal justice system designed for men. Using the feminist method Chesney-Lind’s "Women and Crime": The Female Offender (1986) addresses women’s background experiences through qualitative research and interviews, gaining context and obtaining a female perspective on crime a females. She explores the historical development of the feminist theory and how women were prosecuted based on the society's perception of women (Chesney-Lind, p. 76-78) She make a familiar connection between victimization and offending experienced by women through their life histories strong connections between previous victimization and offending.