first time in a few days. While the letter does not make explicitly clear if this kind of absence was normal, the nonchalant manner that it was addressed suggests that absences were common. While the absence from school suggested in the letters written is common amongst children in rural areas, the experience of the Brown children (as children from an upper class) was significantly different from that of working class children who were often required to work on the family farms or businesses. While attendance was often irregular, because of the conditions discussed above, students were expected to attend their designated school. One letter written by an official from the Department of Public Instruction indicated that students were required to attend their designated school, and if a teacher chose to allow a student to stay, than they would not be paid any extra salary, nor would they receive financial compensation for any money they had to spend on the student. In studying education during the nineteenth century, and its impact on youth, it is also important to understand the experience of the staff teaching the youth. During the nineteenth century, teachers were referred to “mistresses and masters”. Until the mid-nineteenth century, most teaching was done in the student’s home. In most cases, society’s notions of morality were reflected in the staff that were hired. While the majority of Ontario schools required potential hires to have skill in teaching as well as
The schools were overcrowded, students were malnourished, and “the federal government neglected to provide Native children with even the most basic necessities in the schools where they resided.” (32) This chapter also discussed the assimilation process. “Government schools taught students to be ashamed of their names, their tribal languages, and even family surnames derived from tribal language.” (29) The next chapters speak of the homesickness many students felt because of the assimilation policies keeping children from returning home on breaks and of the diseases that spread rapidly throughout the schools such as tuberculosis and trachoma. Through the use of letters between students and parents, Child paints a portrait of the emotional hardships families faced from being separated with little
Articles written during a specific period gives the future population an idea of the issues present during that time. Before the United States became independent, woman education was limited to the skill needed to be a good wife and proper mother. Particularly, upper-class woman were the only ones that had the resources to gain an education. Most middle and lower class focus primarily on the education of their males. European education influence Colonial America’s educational system. Since there weren’t any establish convents schools in the colonies, tutors were primarily hired and later on schools were incorporated. During the first years of schooling, new England girls went to a coed school called “dame school”. In the dame school, girls were thought to knit and sew. Many girls got the chance to go to the town school. However, some town school in new England prohibited girls from attending. In the south, girls got the
The author compares today’s school system to that of the past, which concerned itself with teaching students,
Toward the latter part of the 19th century, bustling America, in response to the trends of industrialization and urbanization that characterized its Gilded Age, began its new century by entering into a new historical/political epoch that came to be known as the Progressive Era. This distinctive period in history (spanning from the 1890s through 1920) found progressives seeking to use the American federal government as a means of change through social, political, and economic reforms. Politically, the passage of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th amendments are evidence of the success of progressive reformers, despite the fact that some of the new laws failed to create desired social changes. The efforts of the progressives were mainly effective when it came to social reforms related to worker’s rights and child labor, but less productive in attaining improved civil rights for African-American citizens. In addition, the government was, to a large extent, successful in the establishment of economic reforms to aid the working class, such as those enforced by Woodrow Wilson’s “Triple Wall of Privilege”; however, President Roosevelt’s famous anti-trust efforts were ultimately not far-reaching enough at the time to eliminate all problematic corporate monopolies and related corruption.
Not only were teachers expected to embrace strenuous tasks, but signing a teacher’s contract meant they could not marry. In fact, they could not wear
At that time in the South, more than half of the African Americans population lived in rural areas, on farms. Most Caucasian children lived in cities where they could could attend well funded city schools. In rural areas, schools for both African American children and Caucasian children schools started around the time when cotton was growing. These schools were open for fewer days than all the other city schools. As a result, many African American children went to school for only two or three months out of the
This research paper will focus on the education of youth. Education, while not the top priority for children in the nineteenth century (a significant difference to today’s youth), still was vitally important in regards to shaping the experience of youth. The education system can also give historians insight into gender dynamics, as well as the value that society had place on youth (and their ideal role). In addition, studying the curriculum used
During the latter portion of the 19th Century, educational reform became a battle of power and dominance for the United States, but more so, when Russia became the first country to launch a satellite into space. Following the launch of Sputnik I satellite in 1957, by the Soviet Union, the structure of education changed rapidly, heralding a new political, military and technological race towards educational competition and dominance. Fearing it power slipping away in global circles, the United States aggressively debated and proposed changes to its education system and academic curriculum. Proponents argued, ... the educational foundations of our society are presently being eroded by a rising tide of mediocrity that threatens our very
Education was not equal between the sexes and neither between the classes. Gentlemen were educated at home until they were old enough to attend well-known or lesser schools. A lady’s schooling was
Life in New Zealand in the late 1800’s was looking quite grim. Section 89 presented in the 1877 Education act, was considered important at the time because the government wanted the notion of building a nation and society, improving the lives of individuals, developing an economy, and to integrate different groups into ‘the social contract’ (Codd, J., & Openshaw, R, 2005) Education was perceived as a formula for this to happen. The reasons for exemptions, was firstly as stated by Charles Bowen (1877) “that it was not the intention to encourage children whose vocation is that of honest labour to waste in higher schools time which might be better spent in learning a trade” (Stephenson,2009 p.9). It was considered enough to gain basic skills in
The change in girls’ education throughout the nineteenth century was due to the social reform movement, influential pioneers and the change in the cultural consciousness of what a woman could achieve. As there was a fear that education could cause the masculinity of a girl’s brain, there was also growing fears of wasted talent. The idea of girls’ full potential not being fulfilled still resonates today in the ‘This Girl Can’ campaign, encouraging girls to take up activities which are being stereotypically perceived by some as being masculine. This attitude is not too dissimilar to a popular belief that some people held in the nineteenth century, viewing education as being masculine. I think that the most influential factor in the gradual process,
To provide education nationwide, the British government had to ensure that there would be a school available for each child in Great Britain. Throughout Great Britain, many children in the working class were not receiving an education either because there was no school where they lived, or they simply could not afford it. In response to this, in 1870 William Forster got Parliament to pass the 1870 Elementary Education Act. This act required every school district to have adequate public schools for children aged 5 to 13 and established school boards in every district to oversee and manage these schools for the poor. The school boards, each made of roughly 55 members, would pay for new schools out of the local fund, pay the cost for a child
The first half of the 19th century was a time of sweeping changes. With transportation, and factories increasing, North America was in for a major upgrade. While all of those things are going on, the two regions that made up the growing nation was the North and South. These two sides were very different in their approach of lifestyle which would soon lead to conflicts. Two issues stood out more than others as the North and South headed towards civil war. One reason increase of tariffs and taxes the Congress placed on the south to ship goods to other countries. The other was the idea of keeping slavery in the country. The tariffs placed economic inequality between the northern states and the southern states.
The first major flaw in Victorian schools were the harsh authority that was present. Dickens’ novel Hard Times is a tale about the harshness of Victorian schools. In the story, a class is met on the first day by their teacher Thomas Gradgrind, who is mean, stern, and most important of all, authoritative. Dickins colorfully describes Thomas Gradgrind with lines like “his eyes found commodious cellarage in two dark caves.” (999) These descriptions further impress Gradgrind’s of no-crap, straight figure. While being imposing in stature, is even more so in his idea, Gradgrind cranks down on the classroom with tight rules. This is quite similar to what actually went on in schools during that time. A common fact about teaching, is to “Restrain from ever belittling a student.” (Biggs) There was, and still is no reason to treat kids the way that
In the early nineteenth century education was only open to the children of upper and middle class families, this was especially true for second and third level education. The reason for this was twofold, firstly