* Case 12-4 Temporary Differences
SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” requires inter-period tax allocation for temporary differences.
Required:
a. Define the term temporary difference. b. List the examples of temporary differences contained in SFAS No. 109. c. Defend inter-period income tax allocation.
a. Temporary Difference – Definition
An assumption inherent in an enterprise 's statement of financial position prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles is that the reported amounts of assets and liabilities will be recovered and settled, respectively. Based on that assumption, a difference between the tax basis of an asset or a liability and its reported amount in the statement of
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There may be differences between the assigned values and the tax bases of the assets and liabilities recognized in a business combination accounted for as a purchase under APB Opinion No. 16, Business Combinations.
c. Inter-period Income Tax Allocation – A Defense It is critical to understand that the transaction events which give rise to timing differences are economic in nature and therefore have economic consequences. The question then becomes how to best reflect those economic consequences in the financial statements. Inter-period income tax allocation considers the tax consequences of transaction events such as revenue, expenses, gains, and losses and associates these items with the period in which these events are recognized. In other words, inter-period tax allocation is consistent with the basic tenets of accrual accounting. Underlying this method is the understanding that there is a direct economic relationship between identifiable transactions reflected in the financial statements and related income tax effects (Arthur et al., 1984). Therefore, each transaction has a tax effect. Information based on accrual accounting has historically and empirically provided a better indication of a company’s ability to generate cash flows than information gathered under the cash method. If there is not inter-period allocation, then the information is not as meaningful and will result in a mismatching of economic benefits
Managements are required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies; assets, liabilities, income and expenses in order to prepare consolidated financial statements. These assumptions and estimates are critical and they are made in
According to AASB 112, main principal of tax effect is to recognize deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability if it is probable that future recovery or settlement of asset or liability makes future tax payments larger or smaller. Requirements are to separately disclose main parts of tax expense, aggregate current and deferred tax relating to items recognized directly in equity, information demonstrating a relationship between tax expense & company’s accounting profit, and certain information relevant to temporary differences and deferred tax assets.
* Conclusion: Changes in an acquirer’s valuation allowances that stem from a business combination should be recognized as an element of the acquirer’s deferred income tax expense (benefit) in the reporting period that includes the business combination.
The standard statements focus on accounting income for the entire corporation, not cash flows, and the two can be quite different during any given accounting period. However, for valuation purposes we need to discount cash flows, not accounting income. Moreover, since many firms have a number of separate divisions, and since division managers should be compensated on their divisions' performance, not that of the entire firm, information that focuses on the divisions is needed. These factors have led to the development of information that
Secs. 1.446-1(c)(1)(ii), Under the accrual method, income is to be included for the taxable year when all events have occurred that fix the right to receive the income and the amount of the income can be determined with reasonable accuracy. 1.451- 1(a), Income Tax Regs. Typically, all events that fix the right to receive income have occurred upon the earliest of the following to take place: The income is (1) actually or constructively received; (2) due; or (3) earned by performance. When Peaceful receives prepaid income it has constructively received payment for further goods and services and the income
As we advanced through week 4 of Principles of Accounting II, so far, we have absorbed ourselves with a litany of accountancy material. Week 4 continued with variety of content that contained: identifying kinds of shares issued by companies, computing shares, dividends, and stock splits, and documenting treasury stock deals. Also discussed in text and throughout discussion questions was the use of cash flows and types. We also covered both vertical and horizontal analysis.
Provided Case 09-3, we, Group 7 have dutifully researched the topic, using resources at our disposal to formulate a consistent, clear and legal response. The following submission outlines the case, our conclusions with supporting evidence and the accounting issues present in the subject.
According to the fact of this case, Parent Co. (Parent) wholly owns Poor Son Co. (Poor Son) as a legal subsidiary, and both of them all nonpublic companies. However, in January 2007 Poor Son filed a voluntary bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the U.S. bankruptcy code because of its inability of meet obligations as they became due. Then, Parent claimed the loss of control of Poor Son and deconsolidated Poor Son from its financial statement. Through the bidding process in May 2009, Poor Son and OtherCo, the winning sponsor, filed a joint plan of reorganization to the bankruptcy court, but the plan was rescinded by OtherCo later due to significant market value shrink of Poor Son. After that, the
Due to the information, 20 acres of land equal 80 sheep according to the exchange rate of last year, a one-room cabin equal 3 acres of land and equal 12 sheep finally, a plow equals 2 goat and equal 2/3 sheep according to last year’s exchange rate and 2 carts which were traded with a poor acre of land equals 8 sheep plus 400 sheep. So Deyonne’s total assets are 500(2/3) sheep. Deyonne’s liabilities and assets deduction are 35 sheep plus 3 sheep, which will come to 38 sheep,
* Comments relating to the adequacy of disclosures, the actual descriptions of rate reconciliation items, deferred tax assets and liabilities, uncertain tax positions, timing of reversals, or expiration of net operating losses in various jurisdictions.
to do so by aligning more closely the tax and commercial recognition of gains and losses from financial arrangements in the following ways:
Accounting Information Systems Controls and Processes, 1st Edition_Leslie Turner, Andrea Weickgenannt (SM+TB+IM +Spatteli,s Pizzeria Solutions+Process
Accrual accounting enables management to exercise its unique understanding of their business to convey important information about its economic welfare (relevance) and allows management some discretion to manipulate important information about the company’s economic welfare (reliability). Accounting analysis evaluates management's judgment on how it chooses to use accruals.
* To recognise separately, at the acquisition date, the acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities.
Accrual accounting is an accounting method that is utilized to size the performance and of a company by recognizing circumstances regardless of when cash transactions occur. They are documented by matching revenues to expenses at the time in which the transaction occurs rather than when a payment is processed. This method allows the current cash credits and debits to be combined with future expected cash flows to give a more accurate picture of a company 's current financial state. It is ideal to use this method of accounting if an organization has a revenue of more than five million per year. While the accrual method shows the flow of business income and debts more accurately, the downside to this method of accounting is that financial advisers may be blindsided as to what cash reserves are available, which could ultimately result in some serious cash flow obstacles. A common example that I have seen used which helps me understand is when your income ledger may show thousands of dollars in sales, while in reality your bank account is empty because your customers haven 't paid you yet. Cash Basis accounting is when revenues are documented when cash is received and expenses are recognized when paid. The cash basis of accounting is usually utilized by small companies with a revenue of less than one million annually. The cash method provides a more accurate picture of how much actual cash your business has. Cash basis accounting is allowed for tax purposes only for smaller