This battle analysis methodically examines one of the most famous battles of the American frontier during the country’s growth westward: the Battle of the Little Bighorn, also known as The Greasy Grass to the American Indians. It took place along the Little Bighorn River in what is now the state of Montana. The battle was fought during a sweltering summer day on June 25, 1876 between the United States Army’s Seventh Calvary Regiment led by Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer and the Sioux and Cheyenne American Indian tribes led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. The significant history leading up to this fantastic battle and all aspects of the opposing forces such as command and control, composition, and strategic and operational tactics …show more content…
A Sioux warrior named Red Cloud lead a deception party that ambushed and killed eighty-one soldiers and civilians on December 21, 1866 at Fort Kearny. This attack sparked national outrage and demands for revenge against all American Indians. The year that followed saw Army victories at a few battles but ultimately the Bozeman Trail and its three forts were abandoned after the Army conceded to the American Indians. The United States government officially formalized the surrender of the three Bozeman Trail forts and the trail itself with the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868.
Another extremely important event that contributed to the culminating battle along the Little Bighorn River was the Battle of the Washita on November 27, 1868. Lieutenant Colonel Custer was engaged in war with the Southern Cheyenne in Kansas and into the Indian Territory, present day Oklahoma, when he came upon the camp of a Cheyenne Chief by the name of Black Kettle. Custer and the 7th Calvary Regiment launched a successful dawn attack on the camp. Estimates vary greatly but the general consensus is that almost all of the Cheyenne killed on November 27, 1868 were old men, women, and children. The immediate results of this battle were deep resentment and hatred of the whites by the American Indians who considered the battle to be a massacre.
The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 led to continuous conflict
On June 25, 1876, The Battle of Little Bighorn took place near the Black Hills in Montana. This was one of the most controversial battles of the 20th century and the line between good guys and bad guys was grey at best. Gen. George Armstrong Custer (reduced to LTC after the civil war) had 366 men of the 7thU.S. Cavalry under his command that day. Sitting Bull (A Medicine Man) led 2000 braves of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes (Klos, 2013). At the conclusion of the battle, the stories of the Indians savagery were used to demonize their culture and there were no survivors from the 7thcavalry to tell what really happened.
July 1868, white settlers were attacked by Indians, 15 men were dead and five women
In 1876, Chief Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull fought and defeated the U.S Army’s troops of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer in a bloody battle near southern Montana’s Little Bighorn River.
Col. George Armstrong Custer was given a order to explore the Black Hills within reservation boundaries. He was also ordered to map and find a comfortable place with enough resources to plant a future military post. While Lt. Col. Custer was exploring the hills words of found gold were being spread by geologists. This lead to Miners and Entrepreneurs invading the land for profit of gold, which violated the treaty directly. When the US tried giving the Lakota prices to buy Black Hills they rejected it, which led to a deadline in January of 1876. It was said that all Sioux report to the reservation on January 31, but when there was no response in return, the task was handed off to the military. (Little Bighorn Battlefield National
Custard’s last stand was an utterly defeat of the brave Americans (Little Bighorn, Battle of the Urwin). The odds were 20 to 1 the soldiers were giving it all they had but they had no chance of winning and a slim chance of living (The apolpahe 5 koster). Custard and his men were overwhelmed fast and dismounted (The Battle of Little Bighorn Conrad). Custard was facing 3000 Native American soldiers (history.comStaff). In a last effort, Custard threw his rifle at the Indians (The Battle of Little Bighorn Conrad). Custard fought hand to hand with sitting bull as a sign of superiority (The Battle of Little Bighorn Conrad).
Red Cloud’s Revenge is a historical novel about the grim recollection of detailed events and days/months before the showdown between the US Cavalry & Sioux Indians on the northern plains of 1867. Fetterman, Brown & Grummond rode out ahead of seventy-eight soldiers that day on December 21st 1866. In hopes of driving out some Sioux Indians and bring some scalps home. Many soldiers’ guard was down when Fetterman’s entire force
Colonel Harney and his men then marched to Little Thunder’s camp and surprised the entire camp forcing Little Thunder to surrender 250 of his warriors and men. Even though the camp had surrendered Colonel Harney went back into the camp and killed 86 Sioux, 70 of which were women and children. One of the effects that came from this and Harney’s campaign in 1855 was that he forced the Sioux to sign yet another treaty. This treaty stated that the Sioux tribe would have to surrender all stolen lands as well as surrendering any man that is found guilty of killing a white man.
Lt. Col. Custer’s crushing defeat at the hands of tribal Indians during the Battle of Little Bighorn is attributed to his lack of adherence to what we now know as the characteristics of the offense: surprise, concentration, audacity and tempo. By allowing the tribal Indians to observe his movement during the early stages of the battle Custer lost the ability to surprise the enemy with a direct attack and his decision to divide his elements while facing a larger enemy force prevented him from concentrating his fires and effectively massing their effects on the enemy.
In 1866, the army is intent on building roads and railroads through Indian territory. Five sioux are sent into Powder River Country to convince Indian chiefs to sign the treaty at Fort Laramie. However, before the treaty is signed the meeting is done. The Army just continues with their plan, and constructs the Bozeman trail. The indians follow the regiment building the road. The Indians vex the soldiers and mess with their progress. The Indians attacked the fort and killed all the soldiers there, including a dog. The ambush became known as Fetterman’s Massacre. This not entirely correct though because the Indians lost more troops than the white soldiers did. The Army then sends in a commission but they get nothing done. When the indians attack
Who- The U.S. commander who led the attack was Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer. The president at the time was Ulysses S. Grant. The tribes that were involved were the Lakota Sioux and the Cheyenne Warriors. The leader of the Sioux was Sitting Bull and the leader of the Cheyenne was Chief Dull Knife at the time. Crazy Horse was also an important person involved in the battle.
Amid the tension, a shot rang out, possibly from a deaf brave who misunderstood his chief's orders to surrender.The Seventh Cavalry the reconstructed regiment lost by George Armstrong Custer who opened fire on the Sioux. The local chief, BIGFOOT, was shot in cold blood as he recuperated from pneumonia in his tent. Others were cut down as they tried to run away. When the smoke cleared almost all of the 300 men, women, and children were dead. Some died instantly, others froze to death in the snow.This massacre marked the last showdown between Native Americans and the United States Army. It was nearly 400 years after Christopher Columbus first contacted the first Americans. The 1890 United States census declared the frontier officially
In December 1868, after the Battle of Washita, General Sheridan orders the Cheyennes, Arapahos, Kiowas, and Comanches to surrender at Fort Cobb. The Kiowas do not surrender. Two thousand Kiowas and 2500 Comanches are then put on the reservation at Fort Cobb. At a sun dance on the Red River in the summer of 1870, the Comanches, Southern Cheyennes, and Kiowas consider the possibility of fighting the whites. In mid−May 1871, the Kiowas and Comanches attack and kill seven teamsters leading a train of ten freight wagons. Satanta takes responsibility for this raid, even though it was led by another chief. Since the raid he and other chiefs are arrested for it. As a result, Satanta and Big Tree are sentenced to life in prison in July 1871. But Lone
The American and trying to force the native Americans out of there land.The tribes refused and that forced the U.S American troops to attack athem.The leaders of the tribes sitting bull, red cloud crazy horse, chief Joseph, Geronimo, and the Lakota people gathered there warriors to fight in the battle to protect their land and keep it. This battle was also know to be called
The assault began in the early morning hours of November 29, 1864 on the camps that extended for several miles along the valley of the Big Sandy. By the end of the day, an estimated count of 150 Cheyenne and Arapaho lay dead. (Campbell, 2006).
The victory for the Native Americans after the Battle of Little Bighorn mainly revolved around their belief that their rituals had guaranteed their success. For example, Calloway states “the reason for their victory were quite simple…during a sun dance in which he sacrificed one hundred pieces of his own flesh, Sitting Bull had a vision in which he saw soldiers falling into camp with ears” (Calloway 134). With this vision the Natives knew they would be victorious, displaying how in the mystical and spiritual dimensions they had prepared for the fight that would ensue. Additionally, the Arikaras, who were on the side of the Americans could tell when fighting the Sioux that they held a powerful medicine and were confident in being victorious. The Cheyennes had their own preparations before going out to battle, and there are also accounts where the Natives were poorly equipped to fight which