The Compulsion Toward Evil in Hawthorne's Young Goodman Brown

Shirley Jackson and Nathaniel Hawthorne were two American authors who were born over a century apart and shared the same love of literary works but in a sick and twisted kind of way. They were authors who simply wrote with passion about beliefs, sin, and the natural temptations of evil in all humans. The story of “Young Goodman Brown”, takes places at the end of the 17th century, around the time of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, in New England in colonial Massachusetts, Hawthorne’s keen interest which is sin-and-brimstone a Puritans past.

A character arc is essential in any story, showing what the character has gone through and learned. Usually, this process involves the growth and gained knowledge of the character throughout the story, in a good way. However, in the case of ‘Young Goodman Brown”, the character arc is almost backwards in a sense. He does gain knowledge about the society in a bad way and this affects his perception of the town throughout the story. It is evident that in the text, Goodman Brown is mentally toyed with by the devil and the townspeople so much to the point of breaking down near the completion of the story and is not able to tell what is real anymore. This is evident by his relationship with the devil throughout the story, his motivations for following him into the dangers of the forest, and his changed perspective of the townspeople and clergymen concluding the text. The battle between Brown’s id and his ego and superego, relating to Freudian psychology, greatly affects the outcome of the text.

Further into Goodman’s journey, he meets an older gentleman, representative of the devil, and Goodman Brown again reveals the ease in which he betrays his faith. When the devil asks why Goodman Brown is fifteen minutes late, he simply states that “Faith kept me back awhile” (343). Although Brown’s wife did keep him back a short while, there is an alternative meaning to this statement. Hawthorne uses this phrase to symbolize that his spiritual faith kept him from making this trip sooner. With this symbolism we see again that perhaps Goodman Brown has had his spiritual doubts for some time, but now he feels ready to question his faith and the faith of those who surround him on this journey.

Resting here, he overhears a conversation behind the trees, and it turns out to be Deacon Gookin and the minister discussing the witch ceremony where a young woman is to be taken into communion. The Deacon mentions, "I had rather miss an ordination dinner than to-night's meeting" (Hawthorne 303). Of course, Brown's knowledge of the minister and Deacon Gookin's involvement in such activity devastates him. Witnessing something like this can certainly destroy one's faith, but not Young Goodman Brown; well not yet. He shows that his faith is strong as ever when he says, "With Heaven above and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil" (Hawthorne 303).

He was able to at least blindly acknowledge the new side to Goody Close, and the minister and the Deacon, but with the sight of her pink ribbon "after one stupefied moment" Young Goodman Brown cried "my Faith is gone" (190). On the outside he believes his wife too has fallen into the trap of the devil yet on the inside he has lost his own faith. "There is no good on earth…come, devil; for to thee is this world given" (190). To Goodman Brown his world is now over and with his faith in the world, in his society gone he succumbs to the evilness of the forest.

In disbelief Young Goodman Brown is devastated, but knows that he still has his Faith. "It would break her dear little heart; and I'd rather break my own!' (214). Trying desperately he holds on to his Christian belief, that he is going to Heaven, even when he recognizes the old woman who passes and says "That old woman taught me catechism!" (215). Soon after he also hears Deacon Gookin and the minister discussing the evenings event. Knowing that these people, in his mind were the forefront of goodness on Earth, he is shattered as, " Young Goodman Brown caught hold of a tree, for support, being ready to sink down on the ground, faint and overburdened with the heavy sickness of his heart " (216).

In the short story “Young Goodman Brown,” the author Nathaniel Hawthorne shows the fragility of humans when it comes to their morality. Goodman Brown goes on a journey through the forest with the devil to watch the witches’ ritual and observes the evil in the Puritan society. He loses his faith as he sees the people he respects the most participating in the sinful ritual. Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes setting, and symbolism in his short story “Young Goodman Brown,” to show how a person’s perspective can change by showing the hypocritical nature of the Puritan society

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown” is an excellent example of the use of allegories and symbolism as a form of satire on Puritan faith. According to Frank Preston Stearns, author of The Life and Genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Hawthorne may have intended this story as an exposure of the inconsistency, and consequent hypocrisy, of Puritanism” (Stearns 181). Throughout the story of “Young Goodman Brown,” Hawthorne tries to infuse as many symbols and allegories as he can to enhance the overall meaning of his story. He uses the village, Goodman Brown, Faith, the man in the forest, and the time spent in the forest as either a symbol or an allegory to get his point across that Puritans are not always what they seem to be.

At the end of the story brown can’t even come to believe that people by nature are capable of more good over evil, but because they live “fake” lives they are incapable of good. It is then he crosses the final threshold of optimist to pessimist because from this point on everyone is lying and his life becomes unbearable. He even comes to think that evil is more powerful in the mortal world. Brown becomes so gloomy and distrustful that he couldn't believe a good gesture from anyone and this affects his relationship at church and with his wife. At church he wishes ill will on the minister “When the minister spoke from the pulpit, then did Goodman Brown turn pale, dreading, lest the roof should thunder down upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers.

And it was I that brought your father a pitch-pine knot, kindled at my own hearth, to set fire to an Indian village, in King Philip's War. They were my good friends, both; and many a pleasant walk have we had along this path, and returned merrily after midnight. I would fain be friends with you, for their sake." Brown argues this fact saying, “If it be as thou sayest," replied Goodman Brown, "I marvel they never spoke of these matters. Or, verily, I marvel not, seeing that the least rumor of the sort would have driven them from New England. We are a people of prayer, and good works to boot, and abide no such wickedness.” To this the old man replies, "Wickedness or not, I have a very general acquaintance here in New England. The deacons of many a church have drunk the communion wine with me; the selectmen, of divers towns, make me their chairman; and a majority of the Great and General Court are firm supporters of my interest. The governor and I, too--but these are state-secrets."

This loneliness comes only after he is far away from his Faith and God and traveling deeper into the darkness of the forest, only “assisted by the [evil], uncertain [false] light” (2187). Young Goodman Brown overcomes his loneliness when he meets an older traveler who tells him that even Brown’s own family has come to the woods and shows him other supposed Christians who are in the woods on this night, too. Deception, something that evil uses to try to lure all people into its darkness, begins to slowly take hold of Goodman Brown when he sees other people he admires and looks up to in the woods, such as Goody Cloyse, towns-people (both good and evil), and even Deacon Gookin and the minister. Goodman Brown wants to fight against the evil images that he is enclosing him in the woods and he even calls out to his Faith, which represents not only his wife but his own faith in goodness and God, but his cries are “drowned immediately in a louder murmur of voices, fading into far-off laughter, as the dark cloud swept away” (2191). Finally, evil wins over Goodman Brown when he cries that his “Faith is gone,” meaning his relationship with his pure, good wife and his relationship with his pure, good God, when he sees Faith’s pink

     Goodman prides himself by telling the devil that he and his family have been " a race of honest men and good Christian," but the devil exploits something that shocks Goodman. The devil tells Goodman that his family and whole community went through the forest with the devil as they tortured women in Salem or burned the villages of Indians to the ground, and afterwards the devil and his ancestors would go for a "pleasant walk." Goodman's journey continues undisturbed until he meets his old catechism teacher, Goody Cloyse, who has changed dramatically. Goody Cloyse already has acquitance with the devil, and she asks the devil for help so she can get to the meeting. The devil drops the staff before her which made Goodman Brown astonished. Although this view deters confidence, he continues down the trail looking for hope in the heavens passing another test to fail him. When Goodman worries about his catechism teacher, the devil offers

In the late 1600s, the infamous Salem Witch Trials occurred. The Salem Witch Trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of those accused of witchcraft. In “Young Goodman Brown,” Nathaniel Hawthorne shows that the Puritans are hypocrites by showing that members of the Puritan community lie about their beliefs. Young Goodman Brown lives with his wife, Faith, who urges him not to travel into the forest, but Young Goodman Brown chooses to ignore Faith’s advice and continue into the forest. In the woods, Brown meets with a strange traveler who he later realizes is the devil in disguise and witnesses him speak to Goody Cloyse as if they are friends.

These events provide the main conflicts of the story both internal and external. The internal conflicts of the story are prompted by the external ones. For example, after seeing the magic serpent, Brown became conscious of the evilness of the journey and began to show hesitation about following it up. This is reflected in the devil’s words of encouragement which were addressed to Brown, "'Come, Goodman Brown’ cried his fellow-traveler, [the devil] ‘this is a dull pace for the beginning of the journey. Take my staff, if you are so soon weary."' Seeing the old woman Goody Cloyse in the forest, further enhances Brown’s fear and hesitation and further deepens the conflicts within him “Goodman Brown sat himself down on the stump of a tree and refused to go any farther. ‘Friend,’ said he, stubbornly, ‘my mind is made up. Not another step will I budge on this errand. What if a wretched old woman Does choose to go to the devil when I thought she was going to heaven:...’” This shows that Brown is deeply divided by what he has seen in the forest and is now in earnest about giving up the journey. Moreover, the appearance of Brown's wife gives him a harder blow which amounted, unexpectedly, to a decalration of his disbelief. The appearance of Faith in the forest

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown” (repr. in Thomas R. Arp, and Greg Johnson, Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, 8th ed. [Fort Worth: Harcourt, 2002] 316) is a short story with strong Puritan influence. Puritanism is a religion demanding strict moral conduct and strong faith. Puritans held that Christians should do only what the Bible commanded. Analyzing “Young Goodman Brown” is dependant upon understanding the Puritan faith. The influence of the Puritan religion is vivid in literary elements such as setting, allegory, and theme.