The Function And The Structure Of The Brain Responsible For Psychopathy

An additional aspect connected with psychopathy is the incomplete repressed capability to make the dissimilarity among ethical and conventional offenses. An ethical offense could be explained as one that is distinct due to its punishments relevant to the privileges and welfare of individuals. A conventional offense could be explained by its punishments relevant for the good of the social order. In the instance of those with psychopathy, individuals make a reduced amount of association to the victims that were part of the situation, and additionally appear to have a time that is more complex trying distinguishing between ethical and conventional offenses mentioned during the situation. ("Psychopathy: A Misunderstood Personality Disorder", 2011). Therefore, if there is nothing eliminating the action or offense, adults as well as children with psychopathy, will most likely illustrate a diminished capacity to differentiate between the two types of offenses.

Psychopaths have a conscience and lack morality. Sociopaths have a conscience and sense of morality.Psychopathy and sociopathy are non-diagnosable conditions. People who show psychopathy traits are more than likely to receive a diagnosis of mental health disorder.Mental Disorders more commonly known as DSM is used to diagnose mental health disorders. Psychopathy often confused with psychosis. Psychosis is involved in a break with reality and can be associated with certain disorders like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Whereas psychopathy is involved with symptoms of personality traits that include a lack of conscience and morality. People who are diagnosed as psychotic, have experienced delusions, hallucinations, and even paranoia. They believe, see and hear things that are not really there. A person who is psychotic sometimes hears voices that will command them to be violent. Psychopaths have no issues seeing reality from non-reality. There are no voices inside their heads. They are fully aware of their behavior, the choose to be violent if they feel it is necessary. New evidence shows that violence has a biological or genetic connection

. This precise mind-set simplifies the horrific and callous actions a psychopath would so easily commit. The horrific execution psychopaths apply to their homicides is the difference between a psychopathic murder and a non-psychopathic murder. The psychopathic murder is a demonstration of premediated instrumental aggression opposite to non-psychopathic impulsive aggression. Psychopathic instrumental aggression is more of a planned attack against a precise victim Cima, M.)., & Van Oorsouw, K.). (2013). Due to their emotional shallowness, lack of moral and social norms, and their manipulative behavior, psychopaths can more easily engage in planned offenses to serve a specific goal Blair, R. (2003). If you try to consider how an individual could

When most people hear the word psychopath their mind forms a picture of a wild-eyed, rambling, lunatic who is often restrained in a straitjacket. The media has helped this belief along the way with slasher horror films and grisly CSI episodes depict these strange humans. However, the average psychopath is much harder to spot than most people believe. In fact, most of them are extremely difficult to distinguish from ordinary humans. They outwardly appear normal and many do not find it difficult to blend into common society. They can interact with others, hold successful jobs, and effectively keep themselves out of trouble. Most are not the sadistic killers many people think they are. Psychopaths are people born with problems (Bartol 105) or

According to studies led by King’s College researchers, it has been confirmed that “psychopathy is a distinct subgroup of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)” (Gregory et. al n.p) and similarly to psychopathy, the more severe ASPD behavioral patterns are, the symptoms can be referred to as sociopathic or psychopathic. Furthermore, according to Nigel Blackwood, Ma, MD.MRCPsych, “MRI scans...found that psychopaths had structural brain abnormalities in key areas of their ‘social brains’” (Gregory et. al n.p). The areas of the brain, in which are deficient in psychopaths, are important when comprehending an individual emotions’, intentions, and moral

However, more recently, a study led by King’s College London has claimed that there are differences between the brains of psychopaths and other criminal offenders diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Dr. Nigel Blackwood who led the research is quoted as saying “We describe those without psychopathy as 'hot-headed' and those with psychopathy as ‘cold-hearted’.” This statement shows a clear distinction between what should be interpreted as a lack of self-control and ability to repress impulses and what should be diagnosed as psychopathy.
The study took MRI scans of 66 men, two thirds of which were offenders who had been diagnosed with antisocial personality whilst the other third were non-offenders considered to not have any personality disorders. Of the 44 offenders, 17 met the diagnosis criteria for psychopathy (ASPD+P) assessed by the guidelines stated in the DSM-IV. Researchers saw that the members of the study diagnosed as psychopaths had notably less grey matter in areas associated with moral behaviour and understanding other peoples’

The causes of psychopathy remain unknown. In a study at University of Wisconsin, Madison conducted by UW-Madison psychiatry Professor Michael Koenigs, UW-Madison psychology Professor Joseph Newman, and Dr. Kent Kiehl of the University of New Mexico, brain scans revealed that psychopathy in criminals indicated a disconnection between the amygdala (a part of the brain that controls fear and anxiety), and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), a region in the frontal lobe responsible for the control of sentiments such as empathy and guilt. “When there is a weak connection between these two regions or the connection is disrupted, the amygdala doesn’t process the negative stimuli into negative felt emotions. So, when an individual with psychopathy does something bad they do not feel nervous, embarrassed, or sad when other people suffer (Koenigs

According to Joshua Buckholtz, lead author of the study in the article Psychopaths’ Brains Wired To Seek Rewards, No Matter The Consequesnces, “Psychopaths are often thought of as cold-blooded criminal who take what they want without thinking about the consequences.” Research from Vanderbilt University was published originally in Nature Neuroscience, and later where I found it in Science Daily suggests that psychopaths’ brains release as much as four times the amount of dopamine compared to someone who is not a psychopath. Dopamine is a substance produced in the brain that makes the host feel pleasure when enough of it is released. This is what leads psychopaths to strive for a reward. To see which volunteers had more psychopathic traits, such

The researchers, based at King's College London's Institute of Psychiatry, said the differences in psychopaths' brains mark them out even from other violent criminals with anti-social personality disorders (ASPD), and from healthy non-offenders. The study showed that psychopaths, who are characterised by a lack of empathy, had less grey matter in the areas of the brain important for understanding other people's emotions.

Of all the psychiatric disorders, none are more chilling to the world then the psychopaths and sociopaths. These two disorders, categorized as antisocial personality disorders, bring about the absolute worse people and killers that the world has ever known. The infamous serial killers, the people who do the unimaginable, were all psychopaths. The ability of these people to do what they do and know that what they are doing is wrong, is perhaps one of the most chilling and shocking characteristic of these people. Psychopaths and sociopaths are very often thought by most to be the same disorder, yet they are different when classified by many psychiatric researchers. The people classified as psychopaths and sociopaths are separated by one main difference, and that is if they were born with a lack of the ability to empathize or if they were affected as children in a traumatic environment. Although both of these horrible disorders derive from a different area, the reality is that they are unpredictable, undetectable and most importantly, they can be very dangerous.

Abusive upbringing, anything from emotional deprivation to wrong disciplinary rules affects psychopaths (377). They also have low sense of moral development. In fact, they do not have a sharp sense of what is right and what is wrong (276). Killing and causing harm to others may not be considered “bad” from psychopaths’ judgment. Other people may be just perceived as mere objects of pleasure, or torture. The textbook and the articles basically state the same concepts of brain abnormalities to explain psychopathic behaviors. The amygdala, along with other regions of the brain can explain some cruel behaviors. Similarly, during the early stage of development of the child, some trauma such as violent upbringing can also accentuate violent behavior in the future.

Due to its primary role in processing memory and emotional reactions, over the last decade and a half psychologists have been linking the amygdala to psychopathy. It is involved in aversive conditioning and instrumental learning and is thus involved in all the processes that, when impaired, produce the same functional impairments displayed by psychopaths. Two famous studies conducted by Tiihonen and Kiehl respectively have confirmed this. Tiihonen used a volumetric MRI to test and confirm the positive correlation between low amygdaloid volume and a high degree of psychopathy in violent criminals (measured by the Hare checklist-revised) while Kiehl used a functional MRI to prove reduced amygdala response during an emotional memory task in individuals who scored high on the Hare checklist-revised. However, both these studies along with numerous others were conducted using violent offenders as subjects rather than individuals with psychopathy. Although many psychopaths do exhibit violent tendencies, not all violent offenders are necessarily psychopaths. A study conducted by Raine is one of the few that did focus only on individuals exhibiting psychopathy. In his study Raine was able to show reduced prefrontal grey matter in his test subjects. Unfortunately though, he was unable to differentiate between grey matter in different regions of the prefrontal cortex. It is however clear that there is one region of the frontal cortex that could be

There are various physical and behavioral differences between a psychopath and an average person. In the book The Social Brain: Evolution and Pathology, doctors of psychiatry Hedda Ribbert and Wulf Schiefenhövel explain psychopath’s core features as a lack of empathy, persistent disregard for the feelings of others, reduced emotion, and have autonomic hyperresponsivity to sad and fearful

The biology and environment play a huge role in these offender’s lives. The interaction between neurological and having a disadvantaged environment can put them at a higher risk of becoming an offender. These offenders can be seen as psychopaths because of the factors that are a play. Throughout their childhood they begin to have antisocial conduct. Then during adolescence they begin to have cumulative consequences and in adulthood they start to commit criminal behavior.

Psychopathy is a disease of the mind, in which the psychological state of someone has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric evaluation. Psychopaths have no concern for the feelings of others and a complete disregard of any sense of social obligation. Psychopaths are characterized by lack of empathy, poor impulse control and manipulative behaviors. They use charm, manipulation, intimidation, and the use of severe to mild violence to satisfy their own needs.