The Global Warming That Took Place At Permian Triassic Boundary

The Earth has been experiencing a considerable amount of climate change for the last several decades. Natural factors that contribute to the climate system consist of: solar output, volcanic activity and earth’s orbit around the sun. The two factors relevant on timescales of contemporary climate exist in volcanic activity and changes in solar radiation. The earth’s energy balance primarily influences the amount of incoming energy from volcanic eruptions, which have a relatively short-term effect on climate. Changes in solar output have contributed greatly to climate trends over the past century. The effect of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has been at least ten times that of changes in the Sun’s output and the ocean covers more than 70 percent of the earth’s surface, receiving twice the amount of earth’s radiation. Although the sun is the engine that drives all the weather, oceans and atmosphere control the sun 's energy along certain

There are several hypotheses that are used to explain the causes of mass extinctions. Climate change, the warming or cooling of global environments over a short period of time, can lead to other occurrences. Shifts in climate can cause extinction by

Just the fact that the Pope has ignored the warnings of Catholic presidential candidates and is trying to fight climate change is monumental. Global warming is a global issue. No matter what religion or ethnicity global warming will affect everyone. Earth is the only known planet capable of supporting life. How embarrassing will it be for our generation if we wipe out life because of our ignorance. Earth has a marvelous ability to rebuild and return to a healthy state. After each of the five mass extinction events Earth was resilient enough to survive and so did life. After the most notorious, the Permian Mass Extinction, less than 4% of life survived. Miraculously Earth rebuilt its ecosystems and was able to sustain life. The causes of the

There was an increase of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere, causing the Earth’s temperature to rise several degrees Celsius.

The Permian mass extinction, that struck about 250 million years ago, caused a mass extinction of reef and shallow water communities. Groups that lived on the seafloor and filtered organic material from the water for nourishment suffered the greatest extinction. Those include corals, shelled in-vertebrates, and a variety of sea lilies. Others marine groups includes trilobites, zooplankton and snails. Even though these species died in the water, living organisms on land were not much better off. Terrestrial vertebrates and insects both experienced a big loss in each of their groups. Also suffering a big loss was the insect family due to the lack of plant life and food. Seventy Eight percent of reptiles became extinct and sixty seven percent of the amphibian family became extinct during this time period.

As plankton die, they suck up less carbon dioxide, thus warming the earth further. Which causes more plankton to die. Rinse and repeat. Oh, and along the way, all the fish die too.” This constant reoccurring cycle has resulted in the decline of plankton available by 40% in the last 60 years. Every year the plankton species drops by 1%. According to Daily Mail Reporters: “the decline of the phytoplankton would be a more dramatic change to nature's delicate balance than the loss of the tropical rainforests, scientist said.” Also it is happening at a faster rate than deforestation. Unfortunately we have knowledge of this pressing issue but, There have been no effort at the least to address it. People are constantly disregarding it because of the fact that it doesn’t have as much of awareness as other problems in the world. The results are apparent to many of whom live near bodies of water. Warmer waters are killing the coral reef systems where thousands of different marine species inhabit. Strong effects such as these are difficult to reverse. The more plankton die the less carbon dioxide is absorbed resulting in even warmer

Vast volcanic eruptions split Rodinia apart, melted snowball earth, and put CO2 in the air causing the greenhouse effect.

Balog was once a skeptic of climate change as he believed that the theory surrounding global warming was based off of computer models. Furthermore, he did not believe that humans could alter the world’s climate on such a global scale. However, through studies of ice records, long tubes of ice drilled from the ground, Balog found key evidence suggesting ideas contrary to his prior beliefs. These glacial tubes preserved historical records of the past similar to the rings of a tree, recording past temperatures and CO2 levels. Using these records, one can see the direct variation between temperature and CO2. Additionally, the recent spike in both

Throughout history climates have drastically changed. There have been shifts from warm climates to the Ice Ages (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2009, p.204). Evidence suggests there have been at least a dozen abrupt climate changes throughout the history of the earth. There are a few suspected reasons for these past climate changes. One reason may be that asteroids hitting the earth and volcanic eruptions caused some of them. A further assumption is that 22-year solar magnetic cycles and 11-year sunspot cycles played a part in the changes. A further possibility is that a regular shifting in the angle of the moon orbiting earth causing changing tides and atmospheric circulation affects the global climate (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2009,

The first portion of this article discusses the similarities and differences between the PETM period and the current rapid release CO2 due to anthropogenic contributions. The lasting effect of the PETM, increased temperatures and CO2 levels for the next 150,000 years, support the claim that the effects of humans burning fossil fuels will have a lasting effect. The fact that this CO2 release happened on a timescale compressed more than 20 times provides evidence that the Earth may warm even more than many modern theories support. This relates to our class topic on the cyclical nature of climate and how anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are interrupting this cycle.

Bouttes et al (2011). We compared maps presenting our main factors (planetary albedo, precipitation, snow and ice cover, surface air temperature) with doubled levels of carbon dioxide alone, or doubled levels of carbon dioxide and methane together. Each and every comparison revealed what little impact methane has compared to carbon dioxide. Globally, surface air temperature average lowered 0.07 degrees C, snow and ice coverage average increased 0.7%, precipitation did not change at all, and average planetary albedo increased 0.02%. These minute changes were nothing compared to the vast changes caused by doubled carbon dioxide, which models we ran to compare the see the effect of extreme variations in greenhouse gas levels. Our research led us to discover that greenhouse gases had a strong impact on the Last Glacial Maximum, and carbon dioxide was the greenhouse gas that specifically caused most of this impact in both warming and, more importantly, in

There are many variables within the climate change equation that must be taken into account to determine what is truly causing the climate change. Yet, recently, it has been observed that in years following a volcanic eruption the global temperature has been a couple of degrees cooler, and there has been increased precipitation. "The amount and global extent of cooling depend on the force of the eruption, the amount of particular gases emitted, and, perhaps, on the location of the volcano with respect to the world's global atmospheric circulation patterns." (NASA Homepage) The argument that volcanic eruptions cause the climate change is as follows: volcanic eruptions eject sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, and the resulting stratospheric aerosols change the short and long wave radiation budget of the atmosphere. This causes a chain reaction in which the stratosphere cools off. (Welcome to MTU Geology Department) The diagrams below illustrate the many variables involved in a volcanic eruption.

Volcanic eruptions have occurred very seldom throughout the years, but when they erupt the amount of carbon dioxide they produce is massive. When volcanoes erupt, they produce tiny reflective particles that go into the air and the atmosphere. These particles however, reflect incoming energy from the sun not the radiation that is trying to escape. This would cause the earth’s surface to cool not warm. New ground, air and satellite measurements across the globe show that the one or two volcanic eruptions each year have deflected almost double the amount of solar radiation than previously estimated (“Could volcanoes help slow global warming”). When a volcano erupts, it produces small droplets of sulfuric acid which combine with oxygen and stay

Anthropogenic climate change alludes to the generation of greenhouse gasses radiated by human activities. By analyzing the polar ice centers, researchers are persuaded that human activity has expanded the extent of greenhouse gasses in the environment, which has soared in the course of the last few centuries.

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that warms the atmosphere. • Since pre-industrial times, atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased from about 280 parts per million (ppm) to over 380 ppm. Current concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases are unprecedented in at least the last 650,000 years, based on records from gas bubbles trapped in polar ice. • Independent measurements demonstrate that the increased CO2 in the atmosphere comes