The History of Blood Agents and their Presences in Industry
SSG Sanders, Charles A.
17 February 2017
SLC 001-017
World War I was known as the chemist war because a lot of the modern day chemical weapons were developed, improved and employed during this time. Blood agents got their start a few centuries early, but did not see tactical use until the first Great War. In this paper I will discuss the origin and types of blood agents. Hydrogen cyanide is the most effective of the blood agents and is the most prominently used therefor we will discuss it in more detail. Blood agents make up a small portion of the chemical weapons known throughout the world but are in great abundance in the manufacture world, so it is
…show more content…
The term blood agent comes from World War I, when most of the agents at the time produced localized effects, cyanide when inhaled triggered systematic effects thought to be transported by the blood, which coined the term “blood agent.” When in reality cyanide is any compound that contains carbon and nitrogen with a triple bound. It inhibits enzymes inside the body by bonding with the iron present in cells. This prevents intercellular oxygen utilization and causes the cells to die. The heart and brain are affected the most because they require a lot of oxygen. The most effective means of delivery is cyanide in confined spaces to capture the gas to prevent evaporation. Cyanide is also present in human tissue in small amounts and the body natural metabolizes it through enzyme in the urinary tract. This makes it unique among chemical agents because of its practical rate of detox it requires a greater length of exposure.
If exposed to cyanide with in the first 15 seconds rapid breathing will begin and within 30 seconds convulsions can begin. After two to three minutes respiratory activity stops, and cardiac activity cease around six to eight minutes of inhalation at high concentrations. Small amounts result in similar symptoms for example rapid breathing, restlessness, dizziness, weakness, headache, nausea, and rapid heart rate. Small amounts rarely result in death. If exposed the best thing to
Chemical warfare, while horrible, proved to be unwieldy and unpredictable, and relatively easy to counter. After some limited successes against unprepared opponents, the use of chemical gas had very little tactical benefit; the recognition of this limited utility is that after widespread use in 1915 - except for the short-lived effects of the introduction of mustard gas in 1917 - gas was abandoned by both sides as an effective tactic.
The first World War has been reported to be one of the most brutal wars in the history of time for many reasons. One of those reasons was strategic usage of chemical warfare. Chemical gas was used on both sides of the line, which turned out to be fatal for many. World War I was mostly fought in the trenches, where soldiers lived in deep, v-shaped holes or underground bunkers. Both sides would occupy these trenches in order to escape from the constant stream of bullets. These battles often ended in a standoff, or tie, which helped the introduction of a different, brand new style of fighting that included the use of chemicals. These chemicals had a range of
Frist of all, in the Second Battle of Ypres, the Germans introduced the first use of poisonous gas. When poison gas first introduced it was a popular weapon choice and would be the weapon to change the outcome of the war. The Germans surprisingly attack the Allies, where the used lethal chloride gas against them. The gas was deadly and killed over one thousand soldiers. (1) It also allowed a significant advanced for the Germans in the war. The gas usage continued to grow throughout the war. In the end, many Allied countries started chemical weapons research. Gas warfare became common but effective actions were used to protect the troops. After World War 1, poison was use for a while but in today’s war it is no longer allowed. Instead of poisonous gas, chemical warfare is used. Chemical weapons come in a variety of forms and are used for several different techniques.
The nations of the Entente (Britain, France, and Russia) sought the new technology as well. A German press report found that the French used chemical weapons at Ypres (Document 5). The technology of poison gas, though ultimately ineffectual in swaying the war to one side’s favor, showed the changing landscape of military technology in the First World War. A fundamental part of modern warfare is the use of “armor” or vehicles protected from conventional small-arms and small-artillery fire, such as tanks. The first widespread and successful use of tanks was seen in WWI.
The most commonly known gang in the area are the Bloods. According to many of the detectives in the office, they are the most vicious and most violent gangs they have ever encountered. State versus Gillens and Mercer are one of those encounters. The Bloods, or the United Blood Nation, was developed around 1972. The Crips were dominating the streets of L.A. and were battling with multiple street gangs. After a rumble with the street gang Pirus and murdering an L.A. Brim, the street gangs had enough of the Crip’s intimidation. They decided to unite all the street gangs which consisted of the Piru Street Boys in Compton, L.A. Brim, the Pueblos, the Bishops, Athens Park Boys, and the Denver Lanes. Soon enough they called their new gang the Bloods and took on the color red to show their opposition against the Crips (Savelli, 2002). In 1993, the Bloods made their way over to the East Coast and developed within the New York City jail system on Riker’s Island George Mochen Detention Center. It was formed as a means of protection for African American inmates from the Latin Kings (Savelli, 2002). Soon enough, the East Coast Bloods flooded out of the jail system and onto the streets of New York and New Jersey.
Bloodsworth described the torments he faced while confined in the Maryland prison. Other inmates would yell through the pipes, “were going to get you Bloodsworth and do to you what you did to that little girl” (2013). He described being confined to a very small cell, while being kept locked away in isolation. He eventually went on to become the prison librarian. In prison he would keep up a healthy habit of reading. One day he came across a book that a guard had passed along. It was titled The Blooding, by Joseph Wambaugh. It was in this book that he learned about DNA evidence being used to secure convictions. He also realized that DNA evidence could also be used as a tool to exonerate.
t all began in 1818 according to the Blood Centers of the Pacific the first recorded successful human blood transfusion was accomplished during this era. However due to the lack of knowledge and research, it was followed by many blood transfusion failures. But 80 years later, scientists discovered that our red blood cells are different from one another, which was the cause of many incompatibilities blood transfusions in the 1800's. Due to this four blood types were identified - A, B, AB and O. This discovery revolutionized hematology and led the way for successful blood transfusions.
First the de-originated blood goes into the right atrium. And the originated blood goes through the left atrium. The right atrium then pumps blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, and the left atrium pumps blood through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle. The right ventricle contracts, semi lunar valve opens and deoxygenated blood travels back to the lungs. The left ventricle contracts, semi lunar valve opens and oxygenated blood goes out to the body.
Because the Americans wanted a more equal chance in fighting the Vietnamese, scientists developed herbicides that contained toxic chemicals. These herbicides were used from 1961-1975, the most famous being Agent Orange, which was used in Vietnam. In order to successfully get rid of the advantageous foliage of the Vietnamese, however, science had to be applied. The two herbicides 2,4 D and 2,4,5 T were used to do this. The combination of these two herbicides contained high, dangerous amounts of toxins. The specific toxin present in Agent Orange, resulting from the two herbicides was fully known as
The chemicals inhaled nare arsenic, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide,many of these have been proven toxic or have been proven to cause
One of the many advancements made during the duration of World War I was that of poisonous gasses. These gasses were considered “uncivilized” before the beginning of the first World War. However, they were deemed necessary to overcome the standoff between the Allied forces and the Central Powers. The French army was the first to use such a weapon in 1914, but the Germans were the first to use poisonous gasses on a large scale. The German’s first recorded use of
Chemical Warfare is defined as “Tactical warfare using incendiary mixtures, smokes, or irritant, burning or asphyxiating gases”. This is the usage of a chemical to harm the opposing side in order to get an advantage in the war at hand. Three of the main chemical weapons used during World War 1 were Lachrymator (tear), Chlorine and Phosgene, and Mustard gas. Chemical warfare was overall effective in World War 1 because it added to the weaponry needed to win the war.
The purpose of this essay is to deal with the fact that chemical warfare should be brought back to modern warfare strategies. As Warren Rudman said, “And they will tell you unequivocally that if we have a chemical or biological attack or a nuclear attack anywhere in this country, they are unprepared to deal with it today, and that is of high urgency.” Rudman’s words are true in what they say and that we should do everything to counter-act his statement. Biological weapons are a key to outstanding success in war and therefore, I strongly suggest that chemical warfare is an effective and producible weapon tactic that can be used on today’s battlefield.
There are many types of chemical agents that can be used for a variety of effects. Most are not meant to be lethal, but most chemicals at high concentrations can be lethal.
There are several different types of chemical weapons and they all have different effects on their victims. All the effects being extremely