The History of Estonia and Education
I. Introduction
Oleg is a student at St. Cloud State University. Upon meeting him we became friends and he became an informant of his country Estonia. Four years ago he made a decision to leave Estonia in order to study abroad in the United States. Oleg chose the US because of the educational opportunities America has to offer. Throughout the interviewing process, I asked Oleg about the differences between America’s schooling system and that of Estonia. This allowed me to look at Estonia’s educational system at a personal level. My experience as an interviewer has led me to issues relating to the history and education of Estonia.
II. Introduce Estonia and facts about people
In
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Estonians had successfully created eight countries loosely independent of each other. As a whole the country would gather to defend their land but there is no evidence of an established government system at that time. The early 1200’s posed a problem for this loose defense. German crusading campaigns wrestled Estonia’s land away as means for forcing Christianity on its citizens. The lack of a central government and defense system led to Estonia’s fall in the mid 1200’s. Estonians progressed into roles as peasants for the Germans and Danes who helped take control of the northern region of Estonia.
After the peasant uprising was crushed Estonia remained, by large, a peaceful country for two centuries. In 1561 the Swedes blocked the advances of the Russians and took over. Under Swedish rule Estonia was split into two parts, northern and southern Estonia. Northern Estonia was called the Duchy of Estland and southern Estonia included the northern part of Latvia. The Swedish government tried to improve the Estonian lifestyle and further their education in the Protestant religion. During this Swedish reign Estonia got its start in education by founding Tartu University in 1632. Estonia also established the first Estonian parish schools in the 1680’s. Sweden’s reign in Estonia lasted until the early 1700’s when Russia once again took hold. Under Russia’s reign German noblemen received rights and privileges to the land. These rights and privileges
The twentieth century only saw an increase in the industrialization and urbanization that began in the nineteenth century. The new social, political and economic problems that began to emerge due to all of the changes developing in America during these times led to a need for reform. Reform was needed throughout society whether it was in regards to immigrants, civil rights, regulating trusts, or woman’s rights to name a few. These problems extended equally into the problems that educational progressives sought out to reform. John Dewey is commonly used as the embodiment of progressive era reformation ideas but there were others as well, such as Grace C. Strachan, George Counts, and Booker T. Washington.
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In this Article, Partanen states the differences in America’s education system and Finland’s education system. She mentions that one of the leading Finnish authorities on Education reform, Pasi Sahlberg, visited the U.S. In this visit, there were many things revealed on how Finland has been so successful with their education,
The education system in America has a long history of struggle and change, as we have grown as a nation we have experienced an ever-increasing rise in diversity. This diversity has caused rigidities between groups and all stratus of society and has been a major impact in debates concerning the educational opportunities in America.
According to Daina Stukuls this was led by the devastation it did to the civilian population in the three countries. For example, Latvia population before the war was 2.5 million and by the end of the war it plummeted to 1.58 million (p.232). During this time some in the Baltic States supported the Bolshevik revolution. However, others wanted an independent state especially in Latvia. While others in Latvia specifically the German population wanting to unify with Germany. However, the fight for independence was won by the nationalist with help from the British. All three Baltic countries declared their independence in
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Education has been the subject of some of the most heated discussions in American history. It is a key point in political platforms. It has been subject to countless attempts at reform, most recently No Child Left Behind and Common Core. Ardent supporters of institutional schools say that schools provide access to quality education that will allow the youth of our country to gain necessary skills to succeed in life. Critics take a far more cynical view. The book Rereading America poses the question, “Does education empower us? Or does it stifle personal growth by squeezing us into prefabricated cultural molds?” The authors of this question miss a key distinction between education and schooling that leaves the answer far from clear-cut. While education empowers, the one-size-fits-all compulsory delivery system is stifling personal growth by squeezing us into prefabricated cultural molds.
The education system has been the cornerstone of freedom and equity for economic success in The United States. However, the history of education has never been so crucial to the collective future of our nation and to the young people. The public schools must struggle to provide equality in educational system as never before. The demand for education has become necessary and growing to provide education for all students to comply with the rigorous academic standards on a global scale (Baker, B. D., Sciarra, D. G., Farrie, D. (2010, p. 1).
There are already many articles about how Asian countries are surpassing America in education, but what about Finland? Finland, which is about the size of Minnesota, is top ranking in math, science, and language arts. Despite this, Finland’s education standards are more laid-back than ones in America. America's education system is lackluster in comparison to other countries, but it’s fixable by recognizing the problem, observing other countries, and updating our own standards.
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