William Shakespeare’s comedic play, The Merchant of Venice, contains racial undertones that identify the popular medieval English attitudes towards Moors. Many racial critiques of the play analyzes Shylock, a major character, and the anti-semitic mistreatment of him that we witness throughout the play’s entirety. However, looking at the Prince of Morocco and Launcelot’s pregnant Moor lover, uncovers the play’s subtle racism towards the Moor race. There is a presence of passive bigotry that readers witness through the interaction or introduction with these two minor characters. It is seen with the Prince of Morocco’s dealings with Portia, as well as, through Launcelot and Lorenzo’s brief discussion of the pregnant Moor lover. The mistreatment of black minor characters in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice permits insight into not only race relations in medieval England, but also their involvement in the African slave trade. Moors in Medieval English Literature Shakespeare’s plays allow us to uncover common medieval attitudes towards Moors through the analyzing portrayal of such characters. Moor was a name used to categorized North African blacks of a muslim race. This group of people are known popularly for conquering Spain in the 8th century. Moors were regarded as an alien or foreigner to the eurocentric Christian culture and society of England during the medieval times. The victimization of these “foreigners” to their counterparts’ racial attitudes and stereotypes was caused directly by their dark skin tone. Black was known then as “the color of evil. 1” In “Black Face, Maligned Race: The Representation of Blacks in English Drama”, this point is solidified by a reference to an excerpt from legendary Roman poet and critic. “Hic niger est, hunc tu, romane, caveto” translates in English to “This is a black, Roman, beware this.” For readers of this line in the period it was written and for centuries to follow, the described attitude would not be shocking. Church fathers of the time were known to link blackness as a cause and/or product of sin. With the church being a central influence on English culture during medieval times, it is expected that the public majority would adopt this same attitude. The
The issue of race is one filled with controversy and passion, even today in the twenty-first centaury. In today’s day and age it is more shuttle and underground then it was in its most recent ‘hay-day’. In our time today we see it as more of a shameful, offensive and intolerant thing, but it was the norm in the early 15th and 16th century. Today those people that are outwardly racist are seen as outcasts. In this essay I will tempt to show how even though it was the norm in Victorian England, Shakespeare already had another mind set, and was trying in this creative way that the mind set of the people was not correct even for that time. How and why did Shakespeare purposely portray Othello the Moor as a tragic hero, like Hamlet or King
Othello, from the onset, is shown to us a play of love and jealousy. There is however more to this play than just love and jealousy; there is underlying racism, hate, deception, pride, and even sexism between these pages. Othello is a transcendent play, one that will survive the perils of time simply because it is still relevant. Even today, over 400 years later, there are still issues of racism and sexism. Hate is as natural as love in humans and Othello gets right to the root of that. We witness this from the very first scene, “…you’ll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse/ you’ll have your nephews neigh to you” (I.i.112-14); to the very last, “Moor she was chaste. She loved thee, cruel Moor” (V.ii.258). Moor however is
• A fear of foreigners during Elizabethan times fostered misogynistic and racist values, which is evident in the way Othello’s blackness becomes a symbol of alienation to which all characters in the play must respond.
Shakespeare’s Othello, analyses the idea of racism in relationships. Racism is explored through the characters of Iago and Brabantio, where we see racial dialog throughout the play. This racism is aimed directly at Othello; a brave moor general and supreme commander of the Venetian army. Iago uses racism to target Othello with racial insults and uses it to manipulate others. White people during the Elizabethan Era believed that they are the superior race but in reality, they are not; all races are equal and everyone is equal to one another. Humans are not born racist, racism is a thing that a person develops and is absorbed under the influence of society. Shakespeare expresses racism as a negative thing and demonstrates this by showing how
Another term frequently used to describe Othello,“Moor,” (or “the Moor,” “his Moorship,” etc.) derived from the race of the general, is a label that clearly sets Othello apart from the white Venetians he keeps company with. Although some use it and mean no harm, when said by the likes of Iago and Brabantio, “the Moor,” turns into a racist slur, deliberately used to undermine and ostracize Othello from society. Likewise, depictions such a
Although Othello is set in Venice and Cyprus, the attitudes and values shared in the text are probably reflective of the attitudes and values of Shakespeare's own society. It is difficult to assess the attitudes and values of people in sixteenth-century Britain to the relatively few blacks living amongst them. We are given an insight into those attitudes and values through the representation of race and
In Millicent Bell’s “Othello’s Jealousy”, she explores the idea that Othello’s downfall is ultimately caused by his distrust for and apprehensiveness towards society due to him being a racial outsider. He knows not only does he not fit in to this strict European society, but he probably never will. Bell argues Othello’s racial weariness was used and molded by Iago into sexual jealousy, a jealousy Othello was never able to recover from, as Iago accused Othello’s venetian wife Desdemona of cheating and ultimately convinced Othello of such to his demise. I argue, that Shakespeare made a point to exemplify not only the racial discord in society in 1604, but just how deep that disgust for racial outsiders ran, and how it could easily sway the individual to begin to feel the same way about themselves, along with the sometimes fatal consequences that can accompany those beliefs and insecurities.
Racism is a theme that is prominently evident throughout Shakespeare's Othello. Through this theme, there are several perceptions of an individual's race which are exhibited to establish the
Throughout time, writing has evolved such that gender, race and creed have taken on a more pivotal role in fiction. Some people argue that race in William Shakespeare’s tragedy, “Othello,” is hardly an issue. However, to many people, race is everything in “Othello. The challenges that Othello, the lead character, faces are directly attributed to his “Moor” complexion and if he were of a different nationality, the outcome of his situation would have been drastically different. These claims are supported by the articles of “Othello’s Alienation” by Edward Berry and “Race Mattered: Othello in Late Eighteenth-Century England” by Virginia Mason Vaughan that argue that race is a major element in “Othello.”
Racism seems to be a big concern in Shakespeare’s tragic play, Othello. Because the hero of the play is an outsider, a Moor, we have an idea how blacks were regarded in England, in Elizabethan times. There are many references that bring about the issue of racism from the very beginning to the end. In the tragedy, where Othello is coming from is not mentioned, yet through the descriptions the reader is informed that he belongs to one of the Eastern nationalities such as African, Ottoman Turk or Arab. In this paper I am going to analyze some episodes involving a prejudicial, racist attitude and try to discuss whether Shakespeare was a racist or not. Even though the play is full of offensive definitions of black
Othello is one of the Shakespeare’s greatest tragedy which illustrates a tragic downfall of a black protagonist, Othello. Although in the play, Othello is a socially secured man working as a military general, his social status seems to be cancelled out by his colour. In the society of Venice, Othello is referred to as an outsider not only because of his cultural difference but also his colour, Therefore, in the play, Othello is depicted as a victim of racism even though he himself does not seem to acknowledge that he is victimised because of racism.
Critics have debated the significance of Othello’s race in terms of portraying his identity for a long time. The negative connotations of “blackness” have led to the creation of many racial constructs associated with the “Moor”; this denigration has infused the opinions of many critics, such as Albert Gerard, proposing that Othello’s “negroid physiognomy” reaches down to the “deepest levels of personality” and that he is a “barbarian”. However, many other critics like Edward Berry and Martin Orkin believe that colour is merely a “surface indicator” compared to the outward virtue of beneficence, defining identity. Beneficence could be defined by the will to practice good acts, in conjunction with the aversion of practicing evil, and the prevention and removal of evil.
In the play Othello written by Shakespeare, the issue of racism is addressed. Othello, the protagonist of the play, is African American or black. “According to Lois Whitney, many of Othello’s specific attributes probably derive from Shakespeare’s reading of Leo Africanus, whose Geographical Historie of Africa which was translated and published in London in 1600”(Berry, 1990). Many critics have different views on this. “If Shakespeare depended upon Leo Africanus for such details, he must have been much more interested in racial psychology than critics such as Bradley or Heilman suggest”(Berry, 1990). One of the most prominent features of this Shakespeare play is the
William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is a perplexing story of dark humor, race, religion, identity, love, and justice. Generally, most people understand The Merchant of Venice as a comedy about a bitter and outcasted Jewish moneylender named Shylock who seeks revenge against a Christian merchant who has failed to pay his loan back. However, there are many different perspectives on whether The Merchant of Venice is a comedy or a tragedy depending on one’s views on the difference between race and religion. If one views the story as a comedy, it is a dark comedy full of many problems, especially the controversial subject matter of anti-Semitic attitudes of its Christian characters. If one views it as a tragedy, it is a tragedy that concludes with majority of its characters in a “happy ending”—that is if one agrees that Jessica’s decision of love over betraying her father and giving up her Jewish identity is indeed a happy ending.
Thesis: The sole character with dark skin, Othello, is isolated by casual discrimination that indicates underlying racism in not only Othello’s society, but also Shakespeare’s.