Basically Sen (1981), founded Entitlement theory on the assumption that the system under consideration is an economy with private ownership and exchange in form of trade, exchange between people and production and between man and nature. However, he also accepted social benefits as entitlement relations. The theory is useful to explain poverty effects for different people at household level with disaggregation of differences among the group in the population and people even at the same household (Lenhardt, 2013). Hence, analysis using this theory implicates resources allocation between households. Remittances being one external resources can have effects in the final analysis using Entitlement Theory.
Ideally, there are strong linkages between poverty and environment also explicated in the Entitlement Theory of poverty. Entitlement can be defined as collective outcome of environmental resources package that the human capital used to produce, own and have power on that particular resource as an individual or as a member of a given community or economic group. All have ability to use those resources package
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It ignores cultural issues, which are similarly important with the legal system. However, entitlement approach needs adjusting to new dynamics of contemporary analysis of poverty (Rubin, 2009).
In spite of those criticisms, the theory can be useful for analysing poverty and remittances especially rural poverty since remittances are believed to be one of issues influencing entitlement and ownership. Remittances can be used to buy assets. By owning assets, especially productive assets, it increases chances for a individual or household to create wealth and it is widely agreed to be a crucial factor in escaping and reduce chances to be trapped into poverty (Miller et. al.,
Entitlement, the belief that one is deserving or entitled to certain privileges. What does this mean in our society? Our country has become an entitlement society. Causing a negative effect not only to our generation, but to our economy as well. This culture of entitlement is teaching an entire generation to be dependant on the government. Breeding a generation with little motivation and ambition. Our country's values which say we all have the ability to earn prosperity through whatever means necessary within the law. It isn't right to take from the hard working class to give to those who aren’t in true need of government assistance.
Margaret Wente’s Globe and Mail article on the existence and characteristics of the entitlement generation in Canada is both opinionated and thought provoking. The author strongly supports that the entitlement mindset is quite prevalent in Canada’s universities, has been nurtured by its preceding generation and has led to students’ unrealistic work expectations. Although Wente effectively communicates her opinions regarding the entitlement generation, her arguments are compromised by poor use of appeal to authority and a polarized approach to the topic.
Many individuals all over the world are affected by poverty. In order to completely understand the cause, the effect, and the solution to ending poverty, we must first understand the meaning of poverty. Poverty is the condition where an individual’s basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met (business dictionary). According to the World Bank Organization, poverty is also the lack of healthcare, education, information, and jobs. There are two general types of poverty: Absolute and Relative. Absolute poverty occurs when individuals cannot obtain adequate resources to support a minimum level of physical health. Relative poverty occurs when individuals do not
Environmental inequality from a social justice perspective is based on the notion that there is discrimination in the policies that allow for establishing the sites and permits for industrial waste, which results in minorities and those living in poverty suffering from a greater share of the effects of pollution. This leads to environmental racism which is the underlying fact that racial and ethnic groups that are underprivileged, are
Nozick’s entitlement theory is a theory of justice and how society regulates the distribution of goods, money and property. “All that matters for Noziak is how people came to have what they have, not the pattern or results of the distribution of goods.” (Shaw and Barry, pg.115) His entitlement theory comprises of three main principles which were:
The universal truth that feelings of entitlement restrict enlightenment is evident in the essay “What is Poverty?” by Theodore Dalrymple through effective presentation of the Marxist Theory and Psychoanalytical Theory. Firstly, the universal truth that feelings of entitlement restrict enlightenment is displayed by the idea that enlightenment is not given, but it is achieved and discovered. Being given something is not the same as working for it and earning it. When an individual may be given something that the feel is an entitlement, they do not feel or understand the effort that went into gifting or giving them the object. The idea is showcased through a quote from the essay “What is Poverty?”:
Synchronously, the developing economies such as some Asian and South American regions which exported their experienced workers to the overseas market can also reduce the unemployment pressure that governments must face in long-term period. On the other hand, international remittances are beneficial for both migrant-sending and migrant-receiving countries. Statistics discovered that the international remittances transmitted to the homeland of 35 to 40 million migrant workers are currently estimated to be about US $66 billion per year, and represent the second largest international monetary trade flow, exceeded only by petrol (Sasikumar 2001). For the countries which exported labour to rich countries, they would gain enormous exchange funds from international remittances and regard the money as foreign investment to facilitate their economic development. By contrary, for these migrant-receiving countries, the outflow of vast domestic currency would take away some financial threats such as malignant inflation to a great extend. Nay, the popularization of one country's currency could also accelerate its economic fluidity and strengthen its economic influence to the other countries.
Measuring the work ethic of the participants showed a decline across the years as the rise for materialistic possessions increased. As individuals are becoming more materialistic, they are losing their work ethic which shows a sense of entitlement in the participants that they should not have to work as hard to own highly materialistic possessions. This is believed to be effected by the decline in socioeconomic statuses which can be linked to insecurities in the individuals as well as an increase in the amount of advertising individuals are exposed to towards the end of the study. These insecurities have shown to increase the desire for material items in order to create a more ideal self while declining the desire to work for the things they want (Twenge & Kasser, 2013).
As stated in the thesis, environmental injustice mostly affects minority communities. In a map presented by the Los Angeles Times, in Southeast LA there are 26 communities- which 83.9% of the inhabitants are of minority groups (Southeast, n.d.). Similarly, another map released by EPA from the 1990 U.S. Census illustrates that in places where there is 80 to 100% of people of color there is at least 2
There are a lot of immigrant’s workers come to the United State, those starting sending money to their relative in the form of remittances. By the way, I think that these people struggling themselves to help others in back negative ways on themselves without any considerations for the modernity of life in a special way, besides the reasons and wisdom that our God create us, furthermore balances between spirit, mind, and body. Therefore, neglecting these considerations causes and create many bad back effects on the same remittance and their family including subsequently this community.
The first reason why refugees have positive effects on the host nation is that refugees can give a promotion to economic prosperity by increasing labour forces and state incomes. Firstly, the influx of refugees is a boon to the host country by integrating effectively into the labour. Refugees play a key role as productive economic consumers and producers. According to Alloush (2016), refugees actively participate in the
Private transfers are common in most countries, both developing and developed nations. In developed countries, intergenerational transfers or bequests tend to be the largest form of private transfers. However, in developing countries transfers within the same generations and between related or unrelated households are the most frequent forms (Kazianga 2006). Inter-household transfers can also flow from a person in a foreign country to her relative in the home country or from urban households to rural households. International remittances are particularly larger and much more
This section attempts to give a general overview of some of the basic issues in the poverty-environmental degradation debate. The objective is to provide general highlights on the key perspectives of the poverty and environment relationships. This will provide a foundation for the discussions on the theoretical and conceptual framework presented later on in section 3.
Many describe poverty as an economic deprivation, or lack of income. However, this alone does not incorporate the different social, cultural and political aspects of this unfortunate reality. Poverty is not only a deprivation of economic or material resources but a violation of human dignity. The general scarcity, lack, or the state of one without a specific amount of material possessions or money. It is a versatile concept that may be defined as either absolute or relative. Time and again, poverty is a call to action, for the poor and the wealthy alike, it is a call to change the world so that many more may have enough to eat, adequate shelter, access to education and health, protection from violence, and a voice in what happens in their communities.
Extractive and Inclusive institution was the major theme of this book and analyzing why inequality is still so apparent in most of the world.