The String Theory

The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces, as well as classifying all the subatomic particles known. It was developed as a collaborative effort of scientists around the world during the latter half of the 20th century. Because of its success in explaining wide variety of experimental results, the Standard Model is often referred to as a "theory of almost everything". Although the Standard Model is quite consistent, it does not address some profound questions about the nature of the universe and it does leave some phenomena unexplained. One of these phenomena that the Standard Model doesn't explain is gravity. (CERN, 2015)

Later on, he accomplished and developed the general theories of relativity which “helped make predictions concerning light and gravitation” (“Albert Einstein”. 5). Einstein’s first prediction was “that a red shift is produced if light passes through an intense gravitational field, and this was subsequently detected in astronomical observations in 1925. The second was a prediction that the apparent positions of stars would shift when they are seen near the sun because the sun’s intense gravity would bend the light rays from the stars as they pass the sun” (5).Later on, “one of the deep

All the behavior relating to particles and forces is described by the Standard Model but except gravity. It seems hard to prove and describe this force in microscopic forms. Over the years, it seems hard to formulate the quantum theory of gravity. In the attempt to describe the microscopic theory of gravity, the string theory emerged. The they attempt to complete, unify and give a consistent description of the fundamental structure of the universe. This

the old view of atoms as the basic building blocks of the material world and Newtonian physics

He stated that this was a mysterious force but never continued his research on it. Then in 460 B.C. there was a philosopher named Democritus. Democritus and his mentor Leocippus posed the question that if he broke bread into multiple pieces how many would breaks would it take until there was no more bread. He then was able to make a few theories being all matter was created of atoms and atoms are solid but not invisible. However, there was a man named Aristotle and many other philosophers who disagreed with Democritus and said matter was composed of four main elements. Earth, fire, air, and water. For example, a liquid was made of water and a stone was made of rock. Therefore, Democritus’s theory “ was rejected by Aristotle, one of the most influential philosophers of Ancient Greece; and the atomic theory was ignored for nearly 2,000 years.”(

The new physics undermined the Newtonian picture’s of the universe because until the nineteenth century, the view of the universe was based on Newtonian physics. Newtonian physics was that time, space and mater were relative, the universe is a machine and only obeys cause and effect, and atoms are a basic unit of mater. It wasn’t till the late nineteenth century that this idea was diminished. It was by a theoretical physicist Albert Einstein who published his “Special Theory of Relativity.” This book included the theory that absolute space and time were not fixed, as was believed by under Newtonian physics. By proving that small amounts of matter could be turned into large amounts of energy, Einstein pretty much shattered the thought of Newtonian

1. Why is the phrase “nursery of stars” an appropriate way of describing interstellar matter (nebulae)?

There have been many theories concerning what the universe looks like, how it became this way, and where it is going. The most popular theory that people hold today is that the universe began when all the matter ever present in the universe was contained in a tiny speck and that spec exploded. This is known as the Big Bang. This theory has developed a great deal since it was first conceptualized and continues to evolve today. Many different scientists have had a hand in this.

In the beginning there was nothing except for the sun and giant Australian shepherds who ruled the land. These Australian shepherds lived in a palace, high above where the earth would once form, close to the sun. When new Australian shepherds were born they would often have parties to celebrate the new puppies. One day the emperor of the dogs and his wife had some new puppies, and the dogs threw the biggest party that the palace had ever seen, they were having so much fun that party shook the whole palace, and even the sun. Everything began to rumble and shake. So a part of the sun fell out of the sky hurdling and landing on Earth. This making a huge explosion. When this happened it created the rivers, mountains, rocks, and trees. The party

Describe the Big Bang and how it has led to the formation of the Universe.

Toward the latter part of the 17th century, a complete new view of the universe came into being. With the publication of Newton¡¯s ¡°Philosophiae Naturalis

The universe was created by the Big Bang. Just before the Big Bang, the universe was just unbelievably hot and at a very dense point, it burst to expand space faster than light which was at 10-34of a second. The universe doubled in size at least 90 times from the dense point. But the speed of the space spreading became to change to a slower rate still continuing at this time and day. As space, expanded universe cooled itself down and matter formed. Another second after the Big Bang neutrons, protons, electron, anti-electron, photons and neutrinos came into existence. Light elements were born from the process known as Big Bang

When space and the universe began, the existence of time also began. This theory is well-known as the Big Bang Theory. About fifteen billion years ago, the universe was comprised of very hot compressed gas, as a fireball. This is contrary to the idea of the universe beginning as a lump of matter somewhere in the void of space. Matter was created as a result of the Big Bang.

Astronomers believed the Universe was created about 14 billion years ago. During that time, the entire Universe was inside a bubble that was thousands of times smaller than a pinhead, and it was insanely hot and dense. Out of nowhere this little bubble started expanding. This expansion created what we know as the Universe. In such little time the Universe went from the size of an atom to the ginormous galaxy we have that is continuously growing.

Due mostly to work by Albert Einstein, but also Ernest Rutherford and others, the scientific view of the universe took a drastic turn. These scientists recognized flaws in the classical Newtonian view of the universe. The recognition of these flaws led to the development of the Quantum Theory of Matter as well as Einstein's Relativity Theory. These theories, as well as the discoveries that they led to, incorporated the entire universe as being comprised of energy, and that particles, time, and space, are just different representations of this energy.