The Tariff Laws

Calhoun once strongly supported the tariff of 1816, but around the 1820's he concluded that the tariff was responsible for the stagnation of the state's economy. Although, the real cause was because of the exhaustion of South Carolina's farmland. Many tired Carolinian's started to consider secession as a fix for that problem. With Calhoun's future political hopes residing on how he met this challenge, Calhoun developed the theory on nullification. The theory of nullification stated that any state had the right to nullify, or discredit any federal law which that state found unconstitutional. Calhoun got some of his ideas for nullification from Jefferson and Madison and citing the Tenth Amendment from the constitution. Calhoun argued since the federal government was a creation of the states, the states were the final decision makers when it came down to the constitutionally of federal laws. If a state decided that Congress or the courts had passed an unconstitutional law, then the state could hold a convention and declare that law null and void within the state. The nullification doctrine, and the intention of using it to nullify the tariff of 1828 rapidly attracted the attention and support of South Carolina's

During the late 1820s, John C. Calhoun believed that the tariff of 1816 was responsible for the decline of the South Carolina economy. Calhoun believed that if he developed the Theory of Nullification people in his home state would view him differently. The Theory of Nullification is the idea that states (unions) have the rights to void any law that is created by the government that is seen unconstitutional. States are the foundation of the Union, so they have the power to refuse any unconstitutional laws, and really states usually have the final say. What really caused the Nullification Crisis were many series of Protective Tariffs. Protective Tariffs are taxes placed on imported goods that are from foreign countries and their duty is to raise the price of foreign goods, making them less attractive to consumers protecting them from foreign competition such as; The Tariff of 1816 that placed a 20-25 percent tax on foreign goods, The Tariff of 1824 which placed a 35 percent duty on imported iron, wool, hemp, and cotton, finally the Tariff of 1828 which is also known as the Tariff of Abominations it was the third protective tariff and increased taxes to almost 50 percent.

Considered to be the sparkplug for the formation of the infamous Civil War, the Nullification Crisis of 1832 was a hostile conflict between the state of South Carolina and the United States government over the controversial concept of Nullification. Although the crisis concluded without a physical war or casualties, the impact of the tensions created from the Nullification Crisis would leave a lasting mark on the unsteady nation and highlight the problems rising throughout the country. Occurring during the presidency of contentious American president Andrew Jackson and his fiery vice president John C. Calhoun, this political emergency would also serve as a defining moment towards the legacies of these two American icons. This paper will seek

Although Calhoun had stated in his Ordinance that South Carolina would not respond to any forceful acts by the government to attempt to get Calhoun to back down, Jackson found a way to outsmart his opponent. Jackson had congress pass a bill in 1833, "which allowed him to use soldiers to enforce the tariff measures" (Nullification Crisis 1). After the Force Bill was passed, Jackson sent several warships and hundreds of soldiers to Charleston to enforce the laws of the government. Some people argue that what Jackson did was wrong because based on the constitution, Calhoun had the right to declare Nullification for South Carolina. However, what Jackson did was also constitutional and enabled the United States of America to remain as one. Had Jackson not passed the Force Bill immediately after South Carolina's Ordinance was received, Calhoun's scheme may have succeeded and South Carolina

South Carolina had resorted to the nullification of the tariff controversy of the early 1830s because tariffs increased the prices that southern agriculturists had to pay for manufactured goods.This made it difficult for farmers to buy equipment to harvest their farms and make a profit from it. South Carolina (and the South as a whole) was afraid of federal encroachment on the states rights because they did not want to end slavery. The nullification created tension between Jackson and Calhoun. Jackson thought Calhoun was going against the constitution because Calhoun thought that a state should be able to nullify a law. Jackson saw that nullification was a threat to the survival of the union. The nullification crisis showed that the people

In1832 on December 10th, President Andrew Jackson gave his Proclamation on the Nullification controversy between the Union and South Carolina. This Proclamation on Nullification was written by his Secretary of State, Edward Livingston, declaring that President Jackson wanted the laws of the land to be understood in a paternal sense ensuring no other states would make the same attempt of succession that South Carolina had against the Supreme Court on the 1828 Tariffs and the Constitution. The Nullification was a big controversy between the state and the federal government, but it is the way President Jackson handled the situation that impacted the United States and my opinion on them building an optimistic future.

The Nullification Crisis was an event (1833) that was composed of southern states refusing to follow federal laws and therefore ‘nullifying’ them. President Andrew Jackson believed that by nullifying the federal laws, then the Southern states would eventually tear apart from the union and it’d be the end of the United States. He was distressed about how the southern states weren’t following the federal laws, and worried that the states were gaining too much power and thus were going to endanger the success of the United States and its citizens. Jackson acted with force to ensure that there was no disunion in the country, and that United States would stay whole, just as any normal citizen would be worried about

South ‘Carolina took this writing and tried to disobey the laws by gathering up the congress men of the state. In result leading to all congress men to agree and repeal the tariffs of 1828, (making a statement that the slave states can prevent the future abolition of slavery). In addition to this uproar, President Andrew Jackson believed it was important to keep the Union in peace, so he enforced the bill of 1832, (presidential powers to enforce federal law), and sent out troops and navies, along with he himself to collect the tariffs in the Southern states. Upon arrival, President Jackson talked to the planters and compromised with them by saying that they have to continue paying the tariffs, but over time, each year the amount of tariffs

Economic policies and the Northern threatening of removing the backbone of the south economy, slaves, created the important factor that would lead to the Civil War. For example, the North and South developed distinctly different economic systems: the North with a large factory and industrial base and the South with an agricultural economy. In the 1820s, during the presidential rule of Andrew Jackson, congress passed the Black Tariff or Tariff of Abominations which greatly increased the price of foreign goods flooding into the country for the purpose of protecting factories in the North and raising money for new infrastructure to be built. Individuals in the South were furious at this act because it deflated the price of agricultural goods while creating massive wealth for the northern workers. This tariff enraged John C. Calhoun from South Carolina as he threatened secession from the USA. Thus, this tariff first established the idea of succession in the public mind. The economic crisis, also known as the Nullification Crisis, prompted the first ripple that would eventually cause the Civil War because it greatly revealed the huge divide between the North and South. This act caused the South the feel threatened and abused by the controlling North and the government, so they….. Furthermore, the economic divide in the South astonii ally placed around 12% of the wealth in the hands of the 1% while leaving only 7.6% in the bottom 40%. This economic inequality in the South caused many of the citizens of

While it helped the Northern states, it caused the Southern states it raised the cost of living because of the tax on imported goods. South Carolina tried to secede from the Union as a result of the tariff,they penned the South Carolina Exposition and Protest by John C. Calhoun which articulated the doctrine of nullification. The doctrine stated that individual states had the right to refuse federal laws if the were questionably unconstitutional. Andrew Jackson used force to keep South Carolina from seceding from the Union, he threatened the supporters and was willing to use armed confrontation had he not been stopped by

Around the same time, another issue was happening in the U.S. During 1832, South Carolina, unhappy with the high protective tariffs that had been increasing since the Tariff of Abominations of 1828, decided to nullify a national law, the Tariff of 1832. In response, he proposed and passed the Force Bill allowing an invasion of South Carolina if necessary. He also worked on creating a compromise tariff that would be able to strike a deal with the state. South Carolina agreed to the new

Andrew Jackson issued the Proclamation to the people of South Carolina that disputed the states’ rights to nullify a federal law. The Proclamation was written in response to an Ordinance issued by the South Carolina convention that declared that the tariff act

When Andrew Jackson enforced high tariffs on the country in 1828 and 1832, southern states did not approve because it felt like it was only helping the northern economy, Specifically, South Carolina would nullify the act and “defeat the execution of certain laws of the United States” (Doc A). The effect of the Nullification Crisis is that it showed the south would not oblige by laws that hurt their economy, therefore a compromise on slavery in the future, which was the backbone of their economy, would obviously not be followed by any of the states due to how important a factor it was. Another economic factor that made compromise by 1860 seem impossible was the general economy of each region of the country. In the north, big cities developed with immigrants, railroads were popular, industry was booming and the emergence of a middle class started to happen. Meanwhile in the south, there was no real industry nor manufacturing, no real middle class, and the economy was solely based around slaves picking cotton on large plantations. Since the southern economy was one hundred percent dependable on slavery and cotton trade, they would definitely not favor a compromise that would mute the use of slavery. The effect of this is that it made compromise on the issue of slavery

The Nullification Crisis of November 1832 was triggered by a disagreement among South Carolina and The United States. The dispute derived from the Tariff of 1828, which was created during John Quincy Adams presidency, which designed to protect the industries in the northern United States, however the tariff was unfavorable among southern states and parts of New England because it did not benefit their economy. In 1832 a new tariff was created by Andrew Jackson’s administration to lower the previous Tariff of 1828, however South Carolina disapproved of this, because of this they decided to nullify the tariff. John Calhoun of South Carolina, and vice president to Jackson also believed in the nullification of the tariffs. Jackson expressed to

The Nullification Crisis arose after the Tariff of 1828 was passed. It raised taxes on imported goods. South Carolina argued their right to nullify; their legislature justified this right in John C. Calhoun's Exposition and Protest, which used arguments from the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.