Introduction
Since childhood I can remember how the term “IQ” could make or break a person’s dignity and credibility all in one. Through the years a line has been drawn that to this day categorizes a person’s abilities both mentally and physically. Statements like “He is street smart, not book smart” have been used and overused in today’s society. Although research and new learning strategies have been in development since the 1980s, much of society still sees intelligence in this limited manner. Though the course of this paper we will look at theories for measuring intelligence. We will also explore how memory plays a major role in developing intelligence and the effect these factors have on learning.
Intellectual Development
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IQ and You
Intelligence is defined as “the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations. Other definitions include, “the skilled use of reason” and “the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one 's environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria (Hacker, 2011).” One might ask, “How can one assume to measure intelligence with such a vague description of what intelligence is?” Doesn’t everyone have the ability to think and reason? The answer comes in the latter part of the definition where a person needs to apply the knowledge learned. The way I see it, intelligence applies to people in the following ways. One is the ability to learn new things; another is the ability to think things through and the last is to apply learned content to life. The problem with trying to measure intelligence is that it can never really be fully measured. If the ability to apply learned knowledge is absent a real measurement cannot be achieved. This is where the theory of I.Q. tests came into play. The letters I.Q. simply stand for intelligence quotient, which is a phrase coined by Lewis Terman after his associate and him modified the original intelligence test developed by Binet and Simon (Boyd & Bee, 2012). The theory behind the IQ test was to find a way to measure the child’s mental development based on the difference
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There are a slew of tests that attempt to measure how intelligent human beings are. They all measure different aspects and those factors will be covered here. One of the misconceptions is that the tests measure inborn intelligence. Few of the activities are designed for that purpose. They actually measure a person’s interaction with the environment and what they have learned from that interaction. The most common tested aspect is critical thinking. Instead of straightforward questions, intelligence tests offer questions with a twist. It is assumed that the most intelligent people will see obvious flaws in the obvious answers (Steinberg & Williams, 2015). Some intelligence tests also measure reflexes, both mental and physical. The assumption is quick reaction times reflect an active brain and in the line of thinking, a more intelligent person.
What is intelligence exactly? Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills or “the ability to learn and understand things to
Knowledge isn’t all about what people know or how well they are in school. IQ tests test the intelligence of the person; however they test the pure thinking capacity rather than what people know. This means that intelligence comes from the entire cognitive thinking ability and not what they
There are many different ways that people can be intelligent. Over the past few weeks I have been reading fiction and non-fictions on how people can have different types of intelligence. In fact here are the seven different ways people can be intelligent; musical, existential, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, naturalist, and/or spatial. Intelligence isn’t defined by a single ability, but it’s about the many types of related abilities. People can have more than one type of intelligence, but some are stronger than others. People can be intelligent by having logical-mathematical, interpersonal, and linguistic skills.
On the contrary, those people who scored low on one kinds of ability test, were more likely to score badly on others as well. Meanwhile, Spearman also concluded that intelligence is a cognitive ability which could be measured and expressed numerically.
Intelligence by definition is “the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills” (Oxford Dictionary, 2014). However, many psychologists argue that there is no standard definition of ‘intelligence’, and there have been many different theories over time as psychologists try to find better ways to define this concept (Boundless 2013). While some believe in a single, general intelligence, others believe that intelligence involves multiple abilities and skills. Another largely debated concept is whether intelligence is genetically determined and fixed, or whether is it open to change, through learning and environmental influence. This is commonly known as the nature vs. nurture debate.
All the intelligences can be brought from different types of backgrounds, they can stem from formal schooling, life experiences or just an individual having a certain aptitude towards a certain type of intelligence. Many aspects of the test were influenced through formal education. Five different subtests; mathematics, general knowledge, classification, verbal and pattern recognition are influenced through formal education. School curriculums are designed to train students in subjects such as mathematics, sciences and social studies that seem to overlap in the areas that are tested in the intelligence test. So an individual that isn’t formally trained in these areas if tested would be able to perform better as opposed to students that aren’t formally trained and they are given primarily the same exams that cover the same topics. Logic is the purest type of research that a person is able to display. If an individual lacks logic, they are unable to rationally reach a conclusion. It can be utilized in many areas of life which include but not limited to everyday life such as developing arguments and also being able to solve everyday
“Not because you think you know everything without questioning, but rather because you question everything you think you know.”What is intelligence? Some think its only academic smarts others think there are different types of intelligences. Some examples of the multiple intelligences, like artistic, emotional, and logical mathematical. Artistic intelligence is being able to paint, and make sculptures with ease. Emotional intelligence includes interpersonal which refers to knowing others feeling, and intrapersonal which regers with knowing your own feelings. Also logical mathematical deals with being good with math, but also being connected to it somehow.
How is intelligence measured? How is it possible to just have one way to measure intelligence? Is there really only one way to measure every individual’s intelligence? According to psychologists Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg there is. Gardner and Sternberg have developed two different theories to do so. Howard Gardner’s theory of intelligence is the way in which one carries out life goals. Gardner chose eight abilities that held to meet criteria: linguistic (speak and write well), logical-mathematical (use logical and mathematical skills to solve problems such as scientific quotations), spatial (think and reason about objects in three dimensional space), musical (preform, understand and enjoy music), bodily-kinesthetic (manipulate
Intelligence tests are inaccurate to measures true ability of a person because genes affect how a person responds to their surroundings, the tests cannot measure the person biological makeup or his true potential for being “smart”.
Thinking is an important part of our human experience. In today’s world, it is one area of psychological study (p215). Based on the readings intelligence is a process is a combination of general abilities and practical skills. I don't think being intelligent is the same as being smart or talented. I do not believe that IQ or standardized tests are fair for many people. Standardized testing simply is a way of managing numbers; it just measures the output of one test. Standardized testing do not test to a person's talents. They do not really show how smart the students are.Therefore, they may have harmed many in the process. Each person can be good at
Intelligence is defined by the American Heritage Dictionary as being the capacity to acquire and apply knowledge. When knowledge is spoken of, it is generally used in terms of education. The extent of education a person has achieved is then what most often determines how much knowledge one has accumulated. Nevertheless, with this definition of intelligence in mind, one might possibly consider the average person to be intelligent. After all, even a person who has never gone to school a day in their life is capable of acquiring knowledge and applying it to some area of their life. Acquiring and applying knowledge could be something as simple as being shown how to mop a floor and then conducting the job using the newly gained know-how.
When a person utters the word “intelligence,” people tend to think of a genius like Albert Einstein developing some obscure equation that the great majority of the population will never understand. The problem with the definition of intelligence is that people relate intelligence to words like “genius” which require intelligence but do not have the same definition as intelligence. Often, people try to use related words to define intelligence, but these words are unable to define intelligence since many are only different levels of intelligence. While many definitions try to encompass the meaning of intelligence and various definitions describe a small part of intelligence, no definition completely explains intelligence, because
In attempting to understand intelligence, it can be alleged that someone who is intelligent is able to make logical reasonable decisions, to assess situations, has read extensively, has good ideas and is an expert on a particular subject. This then leads to the question, how is intelligence measured? This article is concerned with discussing the involvement of David Wechsler and his role in the development of the IQ (Intelligence Quotient) test by describing the history and content of such tests’. This will be done by employing secondary data from journal articles, newspapers and credible sources via internet.