Transformation of Organ Donation in China
Lei Zhang, Li Zeng, Xinpu Gao, Haibo Wang and Youhua Zhu
1 Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
2 Shanghai Organ Donation Office, Shanghai, China
3 China Organ Donation Management Center, Red Cross Society of China, Beijing, China
4 The China Organ Transplant Response System Research Center, Shenzhen, China
5 The Committee of Experts of China Organ Donation, China
4 March 2015
Volume 28, Issue 4
Submitted by Ruben Serrato
March 20, 2017
Period 1
Anatomy/Physiology
Peterson
Introduction The article I chose is about organ donation in China and how its donation system is changing in order to improve its deplorable conditions. Before I did any research I knew that China did not have a
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China began to receive heavy criticism from around the world on their organ donation system. This began to threaten the advancement of the organ donation system calling for China to improve the system. China began this reformation vigorously when “at the World Health Organization Transplantation Senior Management Conference held in July 2005, Professor Jiefu Huang, then Vice Minister of Health of China, for the first time admitted publicly to the international community of the source of organs for transplantation in China”. China progression on the system required the establishment of new government departments by the Ministry of Health. Experts were consulted and solutions were created resulting in the completion of a donation system. The system contained new aspects such as “regulations and policies, organizational structure, operational guidelines and criteria, organ procurement, registration of donors and recipients, an organ allocation system, and education programs for the public and professionals”. Departments such as the Regulation on Human Organ Transplantation are examples of Chinas efforts to reform the Organ donation system, this department’s duties are to ensure that organs donated are voluntarily donated and that the process is fair and transparent the entire way. As of the publication of this article, the Ministry of Health has established 30 supporting management
A major, worldwide public health issue exists that many, if not most, people are either unaware of or, at best, paid little heed to. It is the issue of organ donations. Many thousands of people in countless countries suffer from major health issues that require these people receive organ transplants. If they do not receive these transplants, they will die from organ failure (Cohen, Bistritz, & Ashkenazi, 2015; Kennedy, 1979). The problem is that there are only a relatively few number of organs available for transplant compared to the number of people who need transplants (Jahromi, Fry-Revere, & Bastani, 2015).
The introduction of organ donation to society has since been a groundbreaking medical discovery and life-saving procedure, portrayed in myths dating back to Ancient times, before the 16th century. Early performed procedures we’re primarily successful skin grafts and transplants among individuals in need. It wasn’t until the early 1900’s that doctors had been documented performing experimental and risky transplants from animal organs to save human patients suffering from renal failure. Though successful, none of these patients lived more than a few days after the transplants. It wasn’t until December 23, 1954, that the first truly successful kidney transplant, from a living donor, was achieved. Dr. Joseph
122,542. That is the current amount of names on the national organ transplant list. Only about 6% of those people will actually go through a lifesaving organ transplantation within the next year (Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, 2015) due to the short supply of organ donations. Every ten minutes, another person is placed on the waiting list, and every day 22 people on that list die before they ever receive a new organ (Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, 2015). As a result, there is a very intense demand for human organs, but too little people are willing to donate them. The shortage of organs for transplant caused the emergence of organ trafficking which favors a wealthy minority of individuals and exploits the poor
Organ donation has the power to change a life ending incident into a life giving one. Throughout the United States many patients are suffering due to the lack of a vital organ, because there is more demand than supply of organs, many patients die without ever receiving one. Although organ donation saves many lives, there have been questions in regards to ethics that surround it. People are even making the argument that it should not be practiced. Another question that has surfaced is, how can organ donation be improved in the United States so that people in need of organs can receive them at a high rate? Even though organ donation in the United States has received criticism due to ethical dilemmas such as priority distribution, contributing to illegal harvesting and alternative sources; the possibilities of saving lives and giving people a second chance outweighs the potential consequences it holds. Organ donation is one of the most important modern day medical marble that needs to be better utilized United States.
With the evolution of time variety of advanced and useful medical procedures to save lives have been discovered, one of which being organ donations. Now days patients suffering from serious and life threatening conditions have the option of getting their organs replaced; a second chance at life. It should be mandatory that all people, once they have died be organ and tissue donors because after death they no longer need or use their organs. Secondly, by simply donating you could save numerous lives and lastly, there are critical organ shortages within Canada which could be resolved if there were more donors available
The medical industry had been achieving more in the stage of medical advancements, though they are still in the early phase. Artificial organs have been one of those achievements. Although they have achieved such, artificial organs are not perfect. Most doctors as well as patients would prefer to replace a dying organ with a compatible human organ, rather than with an artificial or animal organ. Yet due to a there being less organs donated than recipients, artificial and animal organs are becoming more common in transplants. Most of this issue is because people are unaware of how organ donation works, the organs that can be donated, how many people are in need, and the advancements that have happened in the field. Organ donation saves hundreds of lives every year, but many lives are recklessly lost due to a shortage of organ donors.
Organ transplantation is a term that most people are familiar with. When a person develops the need for a new organ either due to an accident or disease, they receive a transplant, right? No, that 's not always right. When a person needs a new organ, they usually face a long term struggle that they may never see the end of, at least while they are alive. The demand for transplant organs is a challenging problem that many people are working to solve. Countries all over the world face the organ shortage epidemic, and they all have different laws regarding what can be done to solve it. However, no country has been able to create a successful plan without causing moral and ethical dilemmas.
According to the American Transplant Foundation, more than 120,000 people in the United States are on the waiting list to receive lifesaving organ transplant. Every 10 minutes a new name is added to the transplant waiting list and on average around 20 people die per day due to a lack of organ availability. The never changing high number of demands for organs and high shortage of donors in the United States of America has made a gap between the numbers, therefore a discussion has raised- how to lower this gap. China, for example, has found a solution- they used death-row inmate’s organs for transplant operations. A report from international team, which included human rights lawyers and journalist estimated that 60,00 to 10,000 organs are
What do you think can be done when there is a shortage of organ donations? Should people in the need of money sell their organs in the hope of getting some cash? Well, most people in today's society are supporting the idea that people should be allowed to sell their organs if they want. It could save thousands of lives of those people who are waiting for a transplant on the long list that never ends. However, they do not look at the negative affects that this could lead to for some citizens in the society. The article, “Body Snatchers: Organs Harvesting For Profit” by Dale Archer M.D is a good example of showing how people around the world are committing different kind of crimes in order to earn money. Similar to this article is the other article
Throughout history, medical advancements and breakthroughs have been increasing exponentially, especially in recent years. These breakthroughs have had a profuse impact on our society as the average life expectancy in the United States has increased from 68 years in 1950 to 79 years in 2017. One of these revolutions in medicine is the process of organ donation. But unlike the majority of these medical innovations, organ donation has become a controversial topic amongst our society. Although organ donation is not a perfect process and may not follow all religious beliefs, it should be supported because it allows for medical advancements to occur throughout the world, follows strict regulations to ensure fairness, and allows for the gift of
On the contrary; China has many fewer donors registered than America does. (The stunning ratio is about .006% of the Chinese population versus 26% of the United States populace (4).) Actually, organ donation in general goes against much of Chinese culture, which traditionally values the human body as a gift from the ancestors and should be treated sacredly. Without performing an excessive amount of mathematical formulating, one can easily see that there is an unexplained altering condition which results in a huge number of available organs. This single, barbaric factor balances the numbers, According to the Kilgour-Matis report (5), which investigated the source of organs being transplanted in China, The People’s Republic of China is guilty of crimes against humanity; specifically, organ harvesting.
In the article, Saunders (2012) challenges the current model, and says that organ donation should instead be an opt-out system, as opposed to
The first couple things that are discussed in this article are the current shortage of organs being received or donated and the excess demand and how it relates to our current altruistic system. They give three logical reasons as of why there is an increasing number and that is due to our advanced technology which makes the procedure go smoothly, insurances allow to cover some
Human organ and/or transplant donors are in abnormally high demand due to the growing number of people who are now registered on the national donor transplant waiting list, due to the growing number of kidney failures, increasing awareness of the obesity epidemic, and other serious health risks such as types 1 and 2 diabetes. These concerns would undeniably result in the eventual destruction and/or death of vital internal organs, necessary for daily metabolic functions. Currently, in the year 2015, according to the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN), “134, 702 recipients on the all-donor waiting list. Out of that number, more than 109,000+ are waiting for a kidney” (OPTN, 2015). This number is “nearly 10% greater for all-donor
Svenaeus, Fredrik. "The body as a gift, resource or commodity? Heidegger and the ethics of organ transplantation." Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 7, no. 2 (2010): 163-172.