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The Whaling Of Whaling Nations

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1. What is the IWC? In 1946, whaling nations established the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling in order to prohibit the killing of certain endangered whale species, set quotas and minimum size for whales caught commercially and regulate the whaling seasons. This convention was not an environmental agreement, but a club of whaling nations to regulate the practice of catching whales. The International Whaling Commission, (IWC), was the decision making body in charge of the regime and was tasked with the duty of protecting this marine species. Unfortunately, not only was the IWC largely toothless in terms of enforcing their rules, many of their actions were actually counterproductive. The IWC would met in secret to haggle over quotas that were set so high more whales were being killed than before the convention and the total number of whales killed doubled between 1951 and 1962. Even worse, while the major whaling nations were members of the IWC, many developing countries refused to join or abide by its decisions and even went so far as to allow pirate whalers who sold their products to Japan to operate within their territories. Overall, the IWC was largely ineffective until the blue whale became endangered in the 1960’s. 2. What is land-degradation neutrality? Land-Degradation Neutrality was defined at COP12 (12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity) in 2015 as “A state whereby the amount and quality of land

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