1. What is the IWC? In 1946, whaling nations established the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling in order to prohibit the killing of certain endangered whale species, set quotas and minimum size for whales caught commercially and regulate the whaling seasons. This convention was not an environmental agreement, but a club of whaling nations to regulate the practice of catching whales. The International Whaling Commission, (IWC), was the decision making body in charge of the regime and was tasked with the duty of protecting this marine species. Unfortunately, not only was the IWC largely toothless in terms of enforcing their rules, many of their actions were actually counterproductive. The IWC would met in secret to haggle over quotas that were set so high more whales were being killed than before the convention and the total number of whales killed doubled between 1951 and 1962. Even worse, while the major whaling nations were members of the IWC, many developing countries refused to join or abide by its decisions and even went so far as to allow pirate whalers who sold their products to Japan to operate within their territories. Overall, the IWC was largely ineffective until the blue whale became endangered in the 1960’s. 2. What is land-degradation neutrality? Land-Degradation Neutrality was defined at COP12 (12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity) in 2015 as “A state whereby the amount and quality of land
What exactly happened in the whaling industry that had such a detrimental effect on the whale populations?
Whale hunting has been a way of life for the Makah Tribe for more than 2000 years. They have traditionally depended on the whale meat to survive as well as they have utilized the whales blubber and oil. The dependence on whale hunting has caused the whale to be an integral part of the Makah culture. The whale is in their songs, dances, designs and basketry. It has given them a disciple and pride in their tribe. Yet for the past seventy years the Makah has been prevented from hunting due to the gray whale, the whale they hunt, being on the endangered list. In 1994 the gray whale was removed form the endangered list opening the possibility of the Makah Tribe to hunt again. Yet this possibility has caused anti-whaling organizations
Killer whales are one of the most fascinating displays of ocean life. The killer whale has characteristics that are important to its survival in the ocean. It is interesting to know that killer whales have a plentiful diet. It is astounding to see how killer whales behave in the ocean. I plan to tell you about the killer whale, its characteristics, its diet, and its behavior in the ocean as well as the predation of the orca.
The Makah tribal reservation, held in Washington’s most upper northwest corner, retained tribal power throughout the past into the present. Throughout the centuries, whales have remained a key aspect of the Makah tribal nation identity through cultural values and practices, compared to the other Coast Salish nation tribes who valued fishing salmon and growing camas. The Makah in past centuries actively hunted whales, and crafted goods (such as boxes, blankets, and other items) with whales on them. Due to this, In the late 1900s, the Makah tribal nation sought to restore whaling rights lost during commercial whaling in the nineteenth century.
In 1946 a group of 15 nations gathered together to sign a treaty aimed at conserving the whale population following their strong concern regarding the over-hunting of whales. The treaty led to the creation of an oversight body known as the International Whaling Commission (IWC) that was created under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. The Convention is intended to allow for the proper conservation of whale stocks and make the established development of the whaling
Everyone loves going to marine parks such as SeaWorld and Marineland. They offer many spectacular shows with dolphins, sea lions and birds. However, the main attractions they offer are orcas, or as they are better known as killer whales. Highly intelligent and with acute senses of sight and hearing, they are apex predators. Recently, the possession of orcas has been a big topic of controversy. Many people believe that the animals are being mistreated in captivity. Their captivity limits their freedom and enjoyment. Many orcas suffer from poor physical and mental effects in captivity. Killer whales will usually travel between 50 and 100 miles per day in the wild, but in captivity all they can do is swim in circles or float for no reason. In the wild, killer whales live in pods of
For years the killer whale, also known as Orcinus orca, has been drawing the attention of the public through the entertainment industry. These marine mammals have been bringing in billions of dollars to amusement parks such as Sea World, but at what cost? An idea that these killer whales can live happily and content while in captivity may be going through the minds of the public, but this cannot be further away from the truth. To have such complex creatures in captivity is not morally correct and there are many points against it, such as their level of emotional competence, violence between the killer whales, violence of killer of whales towards trainers, shorter lifespans, physical harm, and their level of intelligence. After taking a look at how these creatures function and the conditions they are put in while in captivity, there is no question about whether or not these mammals should be kept in captivity; an experience such as this affects these marine mammals just about the same as it would affect a human because of their high highly developed emotions and complexity. Since these industries do not have a natural authority over these creatures no matter the cause, the best thing they could do for these killer whales is to stop capturing them and return those who are capable back to the wild.
Cultures change with time. Change is the only thing that is inevitable. Globalization has accelerated this change and the rate of change will continue to increase. There are situations where globalization imposes its values on local cultures against the desires of the local culture. Since local cultures should be self-determinate in the manner and speed with which their culture evolves (or devolves), many trade agreements contain exceptions for situations where foreign entities are forcing a local culture to modify their values.
On the island of Nantucket, every infant is raised to become a sailor. Sailing is the pride of Nantucket, and sailors are very well respected. Non-sailors of Nantucket were typically outcast, and more than often were never married during their lifetimes. Nantucket viewed whaling as art and took it very seriously. Whaling, harvesting the resources of whales, was how this small town made its living. The Essex was part of a group of more than seventy whaling ships originating from the town of Nantucket. The role of whaling ships Because the price of whale oil was steadily increasing, there were very high expectations set for the Essex and the remaining ships of the fleet. The town of Nantucket was depending on the ships to be successful on their
I found many interesting topics while scrolling the through “The Debate Room.” These are a few that particularly interested me. First, I found an article about whaling Titles “Did We Save the Whales?” It stated that while whaling itself is dying out, the threats to whales and other marine creatures is still very real.
Whales were peeled by vessels, conserved by the cold, and packed in barrels. 1719 Greenland whaling operation spread into Davis Strait. Davis Strait whaling operation was in the power of the Dutch and German until 1780. The Britain had to leave and service their industrial revolution. From the beginning of the 1690s the British had hunted down whales (have been fishing) in the Bay of North America colonies,also in Rhode Island, Long Island, Cape Cod. These were new centers of activity for (whaling) fishing. Then, during 1712 the Nantucket vessel capture the first sperm whale,these became a brand new center.
The Marine Mammal Protection Act was created in 1972, because of the growing concern from scientists and the general public about certain species of marine mammals becoming extinct, due to human activity. The primary objective of this act in 1972 was to maintain the health and stability of the marine ecosystem. When this objective was fulfilled the next focus would be to maintain the ideal population of each species. As you can tell from the graph below there has been a substantial decrease in the percent of maximum population in certain marine mammals.
In 1946 the newly formed International Whaling Commission enacted a global moratorium on commercial whaling (Robbins). The IWC was formed in hopes of protecting whales and making sure that whales were spared. Without enforcement of the rules and restrictions for any nations, the problem has not gone away. Without whales the ecosystem begins to falter, the whale being one of the vital producers, and consumers of the ocean. There are countries that refused to agree to the terms of the moratorium, regardless of the damage such actions would cause. The moratorium permits whaling for scientific research, and that is the mask current whaling countries hide behind (Zelko). They argue that they are not violating any restrictions, because Article 8 of the 1946 moratorium states that whaling for scientific research is not part of the agreement (McCurry). During the 1970’s people began to care about the whales that were being killed faster than they could reproduce (Robbins). In 1986 whaling was officially banned, some nations ignored the ban, and still do. In 1993, meat DNA tested at a fish market in Japan showed that whale meat was clearly being sold, but there were no consequences. The ban made by the IWC is not
Whaling has become a global environmental issue as vast numbers of whales are killed commercially and scientifically every year. Intense debate on the necessity of whaling has been stirred but failed to be resolved due to the lacking of pragmatic measures employed by the responsible parties. Whaling nations continue to defend their whaling right for cultural and research purposes. Yet, ethical and humanity issues are among the controversial disputes raised by concerned public. In February 2010, International Whaling Commission (IWC) proposed a plan of lifting whaling ban by limiting scientific whaling activities with the intention of reducing overall number of whales killed besides solving the current impasse between pro
What would happen without the whales? Would the sea life die? Having a bad environment? There are so many questions that what would be the effects without whales. People have been whaling for a long time. The researcher said that whales are food chain, they are important for marine mammal and environment (Boness, 2014). Whales hunting are known as Whaling. Anti-whaling activists were made to protect the whales and stop whaling for commercial. Anti-whaling activists ban whaling because of cruelty, the riskiness of whales’ extinction and an importance of the whales to the environment.