The Woman Suffrage Parades of 1910 and 1913 by J. L. Borda

Whereas the women’s suffrage movements focused mainly on overturning legal obstacles to equality, the feminist movements successfully addressed a broad range of other feminist issues. The first dealt primarily with voting rights and the latter dealt with inequalities such as equal pay and reproductive rights. Both movements made vast gains to the social and legal status of women. One reached its goals while the other continues to fight for women’s rights.

This essay will be discussing how gender is portrayed in the films Todo Sobre Mi Madre (All About My Mother) and Tacones Lejanos (High Heels), both directed by Pedro Almodóvar. The use of the theatre and performance, along with the audiences that come with it, enables these films to explore the manner in which gender is unstable. Gwynne Edwards writes that Almodóvar often pays tribute to the stage . Almodóvar dedicates All About My Mother “to all the actresses who have played actresses, to all women who act, to men who act and become women” , which is also relevant to High Heels. He uses the stage setting as a platform to show the instability of gender, not only on a physical stage but also in the characters’ lives: “The dialogue of his films has the cut and thrust, and very often wit, of stage plays. There are also soliloquies, and one of them – in All About My Mother – is even delivered to the audience from the stage of a theatre” . Russell Jackson suggests that this is done as a method for the characters to “find the sometimes onerous ability to deal with and describe their past, and to create a future in the face of death and desertion.” The character ‘La Agrado’ in All About My Mother as well High Heels’ Femme Letal (Letal), will be considered - both the manner in which they carry themselves throughout the film, as well as the their performances on stage. In the following paragraphs, I will illustrate how performance and the stage are vital in Almodóvar’s exploration

Generations of women fought courageously for equality for decades. The ratification of the Nineteenth amendment was vindication for so many women across the country. After having spent so many years oppressed and unable to make way for themselves, women everywhere were growing tired of being unable to own property, keep their wages and the independence that an academic education gave them. The decades that ensued brought with them various female activists, men that supported them and a division of its own within the movement. The women’s suffrage movement lasted 71 years and cam with great discourse to the lives of many women who fought for the cause.

Back in the mid 1800’s the first women’s convention was initiated by Elizabeth Stanton, along with others who founded the Women’s Suffrage Movement. After attending an World Anti-Slavery Society meeting, where the women were required to sit is a separate area away from the men, the women decided that they were little better than slaves and decided to do something about it. (Pearson, 2017)

The battle for suffrage was a long and slow process. Many women tried to initiate the fight for suffrage, like Alice Paul and Lucy Burns. “These were the New Suffragists: women who were better educated, more career-oriented, younger, less apt to be married and more cosmopolitan than their previous generation.” (pg 17) Eventually, in 1920, the 19th amendment was ratified; allowing women to vote, but it was not any one person or event that achieved this great feat. It was the confluence of certain necessary factors, the picketing and parades led by Alice Paul, militaristic suffrage parties and the influence of the media that caused the suffrage amendment to be passed and ratified in 1920. But most importantly, they successfully moved both

The extension of women’s rights from 1877 to the mid 1970s, has changed over time along with the ideals of the different eras. From the original traditional values to those wild and free spirits that dominated the culture in the seventies, since then women and their rights have changed.

This essay shall attempt to explain why some women got the vote in 1918 by discussing male and female spheres, the emergence of the suffrage societies and the similarities and differences between them. It shall proceed to discuss anti-suffrage, the role of politics, discuss how the war affected the women’s movement and finally the 1918 Representation of the People Act. It shall conclude was a summary of the points discussed.

The women’s suffrage is a major reform movement in the 1800’s. It was a movement for women’s rights and freedoms. “They are both moral and accountable beings, and whatever is right for a man to do, is right for women to do” (pg 283). Everyone is created equal it stated. No one else was above anyone else. The Grimké sisters, Sarah and Angelina, are the one’s who spoke up and got active about this movement. They stated that women had social & legal limitations that limited their participation. The leaders of this movement along with the Grimké sisters were Catherine Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, & Dorothea Dix. Many accepted this factor, others did not. The women worked on many movements, but didn’t help because, they could not vote. The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 in New York, was to discuss the women's rights. There it became the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, “All men and women created equal”. The battle for women to have the right to vote was won in 1920.

The relationship between the gender roles reflected in telenovelas and the the role of women in Latin American countries is a matter of parallelism. This is because as Judith Butler, the author of the book Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, emphasized that it is “impossible to separate out ‘gender’ from the political and cultural intersections in which it is invariably produced and maintained”. Gender is undeniably socially constructed, and is a product of the values deemed important by that society being constantly reenacted and reinforced. In that sense, telenovelas are also another medium through which beliefs in gender can be relayed to the audience, forming what is called the “imaginable domain of gender” as they either perpetuate or go against ideal hegemony (Beard 2003).

She quotes statements made ““Women do not understand politics”, we are told; “Women do not care for politics”; “Women are unfit for politics””; and then includes her opinion “It is frankly inconceivable, from the androcentric viewpoint….” The author uses pathos to express her message of an outraged cry. She uses quotes of others to show political inequality, while adding in her opinion and facts to discredit the remarks made about women. She emphasis her opinion about the oppression of women’s political rights using pathos, to make the reader feel emotionally obligated to stand with her.

Judith Butler’s article on “Performance Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory,” denotes that gender identity represents a performative accomplishment induced by social taboo and sanction (Butler 520). Even though Butler’s theory on gender performativity has played an influential role in cultural studies and feminist theory, certain areas of philosophy provide significant insight into critical social theory. From the perspective of critical legal thinkers, Butler’s idea of performativity is linked with her views on gender and plays an important role in legality as well as politics. Critical theory in gender performativity presents a social theory to critique and change the society as opposed to the traditional theory. Similarly, critical theory has the objective to explore beyond the surface of social life to unveil the assumptions that limit a proper understanding of how the world functions. The concept of gender performativity instigated by Butler’s book, Gender Trouble, starts by reflecting on the female identity (Fagot 3). In other words, Butler criticizes the critical approaches to feminism that influence the idea of identity politics and the notion of female identity. Similarly, the various approaches seem to ignore the idea that all the various identities come from the effects of repressive regimes and authority as well as the issues raised by the feminists. The concept of gender performativity has a social and cultural obligation

In this source, the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), or suffragists, appeal for women to be given the vote. From this source, some of the aims of the NUWSS and their methods for gathering support are evident, and something can be inferred of the type of opposition being faced by the suffragists in their fight for suffrage.

He focused on the development of the culture and used an example concerning feminism which successfully arouse the reader’s sympathy. Centering on the thesis of supporting Williams’s idea that cultural is a particular way of life that expresses certain meanings and values, the author used some examples such that the devastation women suffered from due to the feudal ethical code to arise ethical appeal in me. Nevertheless, his illustration was too general and lack of specific description and reflection, which made this illustration not strong enough to act as the evidence to support the thesis. In his second example, he put considerable emphasis on popular arts, which is an aspect that easily neglected by people. Notwithstanding it is a good idea to bring it out and focus on the notion of popular arts, the description of the illustration failed to go into detail and lack in reflection, which did not satisfy with the requirement of this week’s journal. His illustrations could have been more persuasive if they are written in a more detailed and elaborate

Do they not know who brought them into this world, who brought them up, gave them opportunities to be in the positions that they now hold? It was we, who gave them a chance to make something of their selves, and now they belittle us and make us feel inferior to them. Our fellow woman, Olympe De Gouges, has spoken out against the men who are blinded by traditional values. She has realized that a revolution is in full effect, and we bourgeois women need to establish our independence and have our voices heard. She has stated the rights of women in her thesis, and has explicitly explained the prerogative all women have for an active voice in politics. She indicated that all women, just like men, are born free and are just as equal as men. It is only the nature of social implications that restrict women from equal opportunities. More importantly she goes on to state that the entire purpose of politics is to encompass a nation of people’s beliefs, and women are just as essential to society as men; women, too, are vital to the nation. Along with politics, the law is also designed to protect the rights of all people, and women are included in that. No person, man or woman, should be allowed to bypass the law or be persecuted under false

behavior and a cry for the recognition of women's rights ( ). Instead its theme