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To Kill A Mockingbird Literary Analysis Essay

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Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird demonstrates organic unity through the use of literary tools to create, maintain, and amplify the central theme. Lee constructs and develops the theme of social inequality by employing dialogue, irony, and an extended metaphor. Through dialogue, the townspeople show contempt for blacks, viewing them and anyone who treats them as equals as inferior. This is evident in the analysis of the conversations of Bob Ewell, Mrs. Dubose, and Francis Hancock where they refer to black people as uncivilized savages. Not only does Bob Ewell, contribute to the theme through his dialogue, but his full name of Robert E. Lee Ewell provokes irony that clarifies the racist undertones of the novel. Moreover, irony functions …show more content…

Not only do the townspeople treat blacks as inferior but they also dislike those who defend blacks. As a result, when Atticus receives Tom Robinson’s case and decides to defend Tom to the best of his abilities, the community curses Atticus. Offended by the fact that Atticus plans to defend Tom, Miss Stephanie calls him a “nigger-lovin’ bastard” (Lee 248). Likewise, Mrs. Dubose says Atticus is “no better than the niggers and trash he works for” (Lee 117). Even Atticus’ family disapproves of his defense of Tom Robinson; his great-nephew Francis tells Scout that “Atticus is a nigger-lover” and “he’s ruinin’ the family” (Lee 94). As evident through the mockery of blacks and those who defend them, the white citizens feel superior to blacks; this idea of white supremacy reaffirms the theme of social inequality.
Through use of irony, Lee parallels the unjust treatment of blacks during the 1930s to that of the American Civil War. For instance, during the trial of Tom Robinson, Bob Ewell proudly responds to his full name, Robert E. Lee Ewell. The irony lies within the historical context as Robert E. Lee, a Confederate general during the American Civil War, fought for the continuation of slavery. By juxtaposing Bob Ewell with Robert E. Lee, Harper Lee underscores the blatant racism of Bob Ewell. Furthermore, Mr. Dolphus Raymond’s actions exposes the bigotry of the white townspeople through the irony of his situation.

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