Topic Liberals
(Katyal & Amar) Conservatives
(Clement & Carvin)
What is the individual mandate? • The mandate states that everyone has to have a certain amount of health insurance.
• 50 million Americans are uninsured due to discrimination of pre-existing conditions. • Everyone should obtain a qualifying health insurance.
• Does not believe this is the only way to accomplish healthcare reform
• States that there were earlier versions of the act that embraced the power of taxation and taxing authority
Are there any limiting principles with this mandate that prevent Congress from imposing one on anything and everything? Explain in the box. • States that there are limiting principles. They believe that at some point in time an individual
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Maryland – How does the issue of health care connect to the landmark case? • Implies that the business of insurance is within the commerce clause authority. The McCullough vs. Maryland case, centered on the right of congress under the commerce clause authority to mandate the part of 1 individual farmer in the national wheat market. This is very similar to the ACA. • Forcing people into commerce to more effectively regulate commerce is an improper use of the necessary and proper clause
Explain the argument over whether or not this should be considered a tax instead of a penalty fee? • States that the word tax is not blatantly used, however, the word revenue is actually in the individual mandate section as part of title 26 which is the internal revenue code. It is enforced be the IRS. It is revenue positive which make it like a tax in the constitution • Believes that there should be a tax associated with the ACA.
What was the Militia Act of 1792? How does it connect to the healthcare debate? What relevant precedents are cited on each side? • The Militia Acts of 1792 were a pair of statutes enacted by the second United States Congress in 1792 that required all men conscripted into mandatory militia service to acquire a gun, ammunition and related military items at their own expense.
• In support of their stance, they citied McCullough vs. Maryland and Lochner vs. New
He defines necessary very strictly citing that power given to the national government has to be absolutely necessary for the government to take that power. He continues that though it might be convenient or nice for the national government to have this power that it is not strictly necessary for the government to have. (1)
The idea of Liberalism, especially in the United States, is centered about the unalienable rights of an individual such as the freedoms found in the United States Bill of Rights. In the book, The Strange Death of American Liberalism by H.W. Brands, Brands says that liberalism in the United States could only survive during times of war. The United States retreats into liberalism when there is a war going on and they need the federal government’s assistance. On the other hand, the book, Liberalism: The Genius of American Ideals by Marcus G. Raskin, argued that there was no escaping from liberalism. According to Raskin, liberalism has not faded into history like many people think. Liberalism is important in the United States because it drives
Liberalism, in general, was an ideological movement that emerged out of the ideas of the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution in the early 19th century. It embraced the ideas of individualism which were established in the Renaissance and Reformation era. The Renaissance period sparked a belief in the importance of the individual in society. It helped promote the beliefs of classical liberalism which gradually formed into the liberal ideology of the 19th century. Individuals that were waiting to get their individual rights and freedoms were allowed to finally gain liberty and power through this period of time. Classical liberalism developed
The gun debate in the United States widely revolves around the intended interpretation of the Second Amendment. Those who support gun rights claim that the founding fathers developed and subsequently ratified the Second Amendment to guarantee the individual’s right to keep and bear arms. Those who want more stringent gun laws feel that the founding fathers directed this Amendment solely to the formation of militias and are thus, outdated.
Taxes are unavoidable because government is needed and government operates on tax revenues. The FairTax is a tax-inclusive progressive national retail sales tax that replaces every other federal tax in America. The new national sales tax would be 23%. Although there have been some questions as to whether the sales tax rate is 23% or 30% and they stem from the meaning of tax-inclusive and tax exclusive. The sales tax in Florida is an example of an exclusive tax because it works of a preset base. If a person buys something for 1$ and pays a .30$ tax on it the sales tax is 30 percent because it is .30$ on the dollar. With the inclusive tax the item would cost 1.30 because the tax is included with the cost. The tax rate of 23% is calculated by
The ideals and the composition of liberals and conservatives are radically different at times, and yet these same beliefs work together to make up the basic framework of American political thought. They both have the same goals for prosperity and yet they have polar opposite ways of achieving them. Ideologically, they are at odds with the size of government and the role that it plays. Some want big government that provides for people, while others elect for a small government that does not interfere with the lives of people. As is expected liberals tend to vote for certain issues that conservatives will disagree with and vice versa. Of course the issues are not random, each side will vote for and against particular kinds of issues.
A well regulated Militia, composed of the body of the people trained to arms, is the proper, natural, and safe defense of a free state
Liberals and conservatives greatly differ in opinion. Liberals tend to be more open-minded and believe it is the duty of the government to provide equality to all. Conservatives, on the other hand, are typically more anxious and independent. They often support a small limited government. These two groups shape help shape America in regards to the political system. Liberals and conservatives differ on their opinion of the role of the government and in how they manifest in the media, the court system, and congress.
Many people have a strong belief in what side they take a part of, but some others may not be as informed, thus putting them in the middle of the two sides. A few of the topics that liberals and conservatives usually have different views on include abortion, affirmative action, death penalty, the economy, education, stem cell research,climate change, gun control, homeland security, healthcare, immigration, religion & government, same sex marriage, social security, taxes, and welfare. Although many college students do not have a full knowledge on many of these topics, they do have enough to form an opinion on them. Their opinions on these tops are usually what persuade them to fall under either the liberal or conservative category.
In 1862, in order to support the Civil War effort, Congress enacted the nation 's first income tax law. It was a forerunner of our modern income tax in that it was based on the principles of graduated, or progressive, taxation and of withholding income at the source. During the Civil War, a person earning from $600 to $10,000 per year paid tax at the rate of 3%. Those with incomes of more than $10,000 paid taxes at a higher rate. Additional sales and excise taxes were added, and an “inheritance” tax also made its debut. In 1866, internal revenue collections reached their highest point in the nation 's 90-year history—more than $310 million, an amount not reached again until 1911.
Upon entering my first semester at Southern Nazarene University I could not have told you my political ideology. I knew what my opinions, observations, expectations, and ideals were, but did not know the proper ideology that would define them. Through several courses that I have taken, I have become more informed as to the role that I would like to see the government take throughout society as a whole and in the economy. Upon reading the section of ideology in American Government and Politics Today: the Essentials I learned that the correct term for my ideology is right-wing Conservatism. I would like to see the government take action if necessary in the economy, yet let
Taxation is a levy or a charge imposed by a government on its citizens to raise revenue that finances public spending. The government of every country of the
The law was passed at a time when slave rebellions increased and the militias were small in numbers and citizens need extra security to protect themselves and their “The Second Amendment was created so that the states could form militias or armies to destroy insurrections or slave rebellions because the federal government had no standing military for a long time” (Potter). For this reason, citizens had to arm themselves because they were not able to be supported by the military/did they have an established Law Enforcement like we now have today.
In the United States, taxing is a large source of funding for many programs. Taxes are instituted to all U.S. citizens by the government for government programs. Without taxes roads, buildings, public services, and much more would not be accessible to everyone. Yet, as simple as a tax sounds, there are several different qualifications and standards that make it more complicated (Weigant).
within the confinements of liberalism and with respect to traditional human rights, however, the central governments have managed to bypass the creed of liberalism and human rights. 2) Redrawing the boundaries, or reducing the powers, of internal political subunits controlled by the national minority; decisions on the boundaries and powers of internal political subunits. Some liberal democratic states engaged in redrawing boundaries which are within the confinement of liberalism and the liberal state, but encroaches the rights of national minorities. The central states draw boundaries to disempower national minorities. For instance, a minority 's territory are divided into several units to make cohesive political action impossible. For example, the division of France into 83 ‘departments’ after the Revolution, which intentionally subdivided the historical regions of the Basques, Bretons, and other linguistic minorities; or the division of Catalonia region in Spain. 3) Language policies; decisions on official languages. In many liberal democratic states, the majority language is adopted as official or de facto official language where it is used in government, bureaucracy, courts, schools, and business. While there are exceptions to this – many liberal democratic states allow for multilingualism – yet the policies related to language should be more robustly clarified within the human rights creed of democratic liberalism. Because the human rights creed adopted by several