There has been steep increase in Power demand in recent years in India during the recent years which forces utilities and IPP’s to operate more or less their full capacities. The demand in Electricity is mainly subjugated by Industrial Sector followed by residential, commercial, agriculture and transport sector (recently with introduction of Metros in cities). With increase in Generating capacity, India’s transmission network also requires parallel growth to cope up with this demand. However, there are environmental and economic constraints to build new generating plants and further evacuation by transmission lines due to ROW (Right of Way) constraints. The locations of generating stations are largely determined by regulatory …show more content…
The proposed scheme requires no modification and down-time. The flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) concepts, based on applying state-of-the-art power electronic technology to existing AC transmission system, improve stability to achieve power transmission close to its thermal limit [4]. Such devices are installed by utilities and by many private entities in India. In order to achieve this identical goal other way is by converting existing 400kV / 765 kV double circuit HVAC line to HVDC line without any modifications in the existing tower structure, insulators and conductors considering heavy pollution as the worst case. In India, 400kV Double circuit Transmission line is predominant with Twin Moose / Quad Moose configuration. Similarly 765kV Double circuit Transmission line with Hexa zebra conductor configuration is predominant taking care of bulk power Transfer from remote generating stations and connecting various regional grids. However these lines are under utilized due to stability constraints. Clerici [1] suggested conversion of existing AC line to HVDC line with some modification in the tower structure cross arm and conductor stringing is required once again after modification. This requires certain amount of shut down time and alternate feeders are required to be identified to feed the existing load. This paper proposes literally no modification in existing tower structure, insulators and
A Power system is an connection of generators to load centres. Through H.V. electrical lines & in general is controlled mechanically. It can be divided into 3 subsystems: Generation, X’mission and Distribution-systems. The electric power demand is Growing and building of new generating units & transmission circuits is becoming difficult because of environmental & economic reasons. So, power utilities are forced to depend on utilization of existing generating units and to load existing lines close to their heating limits.
After finishing high school I will be attending St. Clair for their fast track power engineering program learning things like the operation of steam boilers and more depending on how far i go with the tickets, and if I decide to move away or stay close to home. First off in the power engineering field I have to know things from the operation of steam boilers, to refrigeration systems and more. Second there are different classes of power engineering ranging from the fourth class to the first class ticket with different salaries and places to work with each ticket. Lastly if I end up not being able to get a job in power engineering there are other options I could branch into with this course. After finishing high school and attending St. Clair for power engineering all these things need to be taken into account when figuring out where I will finally end up with my career.
Early engineers realised that higher voltage results in lower current through the power lines, resulting in lower power line losses. Today, long-haul power lines run at voltages of 300,000 volts in order to minimize the power loss. “Using transformers, it is easy to boost AC voltage to these high levels and then reduce this and reverse the process at the consumer end. DC doesn’t work in a transformer.”
Present power system is in need of a high level of redundancy and reliable protection devices along with the periodic maintenance to keep the system healthy. In these circumstances, there is a need for an efficient protection
Since the beginning, people have requested that Majestic Transformers create or fabricate a broad range of rectifier power supplies to distribute as a part of their application. Some of these units are as simple as fitting a bridge rectifier onto the output winding of a single phase or three phase transformer, while others are complicated. They involve using variable transformers, meters, line insulation monitors, and smoothing circuits ranging up to 7000A and injecting a current into railway conduction rail systems for testing, up to 5kV for running and testing high voltage
However, although Generation’s research includes climate change as major theme, other themes such as poverty/real needs and human capital are also imperative issues when looking at investment possibilities, and as coal is “an inevitable power source for the country”, an ethically ‘green’ company such as Generation could support future investments in building cleaner, more sustainable coal plants. Additionally, ABB India “offers turnkey systems and services for transmission and distributions for power grid and power plants” (Exhibit 8). These are implemented by the company to focus on energy efficiency and improve performance showing a clear positive approach in enabling a less wasteful grid system. As India is heavily dependent on coal, with forecasts portraying that is it the largest CO2 emitting country after the U.S and China, dedication to reduce CO2 levels is likely to be a slow process. Also as increased international competition from other multinational companies is
Power transmission lines is basically the process of transmitting the electrical energy from the generating power plant to the substations and from there to the costumers As the population of the world increased ,cities are expanding more buildings construct nearby high voltage power transmission lines. There are two types of power transmission lines the first one is overhead and the second is underground. Due to the increase of power demand has led to increase the need of transmitting a large amount of power over a long distant .But this increase has some majors consequences to the environment. From aesthetic perspective cities can be damaged. Living near places with overhead power transmission lines could cause a health problems to human
The flagship products of A-CAT is a voltage regulator-VR500, it is a protective product that could protect TV’s and refrigerators from the frequent power failures especially in the Vidarbha area. This particular product is relying on a transformer which is provided by mainly four suppliers, Ideal, Dolphin, Boss, and Freedom.
The electric field generated by the HVDC transmission line is a mixture of electrostatic field created by the line voltage and the field of space charge because the charge generated by corona line. Study of environmental influence of the electric field around the HVDC transmission line is occur in Canada and Russia have shown that discomfort to people who usually felt under the HVAC transmission line is not observed under HVDC line. This discomfort ascends from the release of the human spark to shrubs, grasses, and other plants. Although emissions also happen under the influence of an electric field of HVDC transmission line, the disposal is quite rare in contrast to emissions caused by rise HVAC transmission lines, which may amount to 100 departures per second. Subjective, the sensations felt by humans standing under HVDC overhead lines usually do not go beyond electrostatic stimulation of hair on the head of the movement. Such results suggest that the electrostatic field under HVDC transmission lines is limited and generally not harmful to humans. A study in Canada found
As the most important type of energy, invented in the 1870s, the electricity has dominated the energy world for more than one hundred year. The invention and application of electricity contributed to the second peak of industrialization, which is undoubtedly one of the three science and technology revolutions within human history since the 18th century. Subsequently, technology has changed human’s life when the large scale power system emerged in the 20th century. As one of the most remarkable achievements in the history of science and human engineering, the large scale power system consists of power generation, transmission, substation, power distribution and utilization. These individual elements are combined together to form a vast, complicated and dynamic system which is competent to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity over a large geographical area (Padiyar 2008).
Worcester Technical High School is a vocational-technical high school and a member of Worcester Public Schools district. It has over twenty-three different trades from four difference academies from which students can choose. Offering students a high school Diploma and Technical certification accelerated academic courses and education for equity in both the classroom and the work place. Moreover, helping students grow academically and socially for future success.
PLC- Power Line Communication is also like VLC, developed in the same era and is the method of transmitting data on transmission lines meant for electric power distribution to comsumers.The basic principle involved in PLC is that these can be operated by adding a carrier signal to the existing wiring system. The propagation problem is a limiting fator for PLC’s. Low Frequencies are generally to carry data over
Electric power transmission or "high-voltage electric transmission" is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating power plants to substations located near population centers. This is distinct from the local wiring between high-voltage substations and customers, which is typically referred to as electric power distribution. Transmission lines, when interconnected with each other, become high-voltage transmission networks. In the US, these are typically referred to as "power grids" or just "the grid", while in the UK the network is
The essential factors causing voltage instability are excessive loading of transmission lines, high transmission line losses, lack of reactive power supply, transmitting power over long distances and presence of non-linear loads. As a result, many approaches have been created to identify critical power system, buses and lines. The largest concern to the electric utility industry is voltage stability.
A power station consists of several generating stations and transmissions and distribution networks interconnect consumers. The purpose of any power system is to generate electrical energy in sufficient quantities at the best-suited locations, to transmit it to various load centres and then distribute to various consumers and to maintain the quality and reliability of transmission at an economic price.