United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Before and After the Cold War

As tensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Cold War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United states, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence of détente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itself to be an act of change for the conflicting nations, however, in the long term it proved to be a blatant continuity, ultimately acting as a ‘mechanism for domestic fortification’ which prompted a more divisive tone. It became apparent that by the prime 1970’s Cold War countries were now seeking a state of relaxation in political and international tension, détente, through measures of diplomacy and negotiation. Actions, influences and treaties such as the Helsinki Final Act of 1975, the establishment of SALT 1, the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty of 1972 and the Shanghai Communique of 1972 evidently help reinforce that the concept of détente brought a period focused on lessening the tensions of international relations and ultimately achieve political relation for the future of the Cold War, although the success and impact of this era is abhorred by many historians who have concluded that détente didn’t activate any positive changes to the cold war, and was conclusively a failure.

The Suez crisis was a conflict that could have easily turned into a third World War. With a battle between the Israelis and Egyptians at Sinai, the British and French invasion of Egypt, and nuclear threats from the Soviet Union, all of the elements were present to escalate the conflict and pull other countries into the fray. Canada had no direct ties to the Suez crisis, in terms of control or economic interest. However, Canadian Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Lester B. Pearson, persuaded the UN General Assembly to send in the United Nations Emergency Force. Even though Lester B. Pearson dismayed the Commonwealth with his measures for peace, Canada was recognized for starting the first ever United Nations Peacekeeping mission.

The UN does this by working to prevent conflict; helping parties in conflict make peace; peacekeeping; and creating the conditions to allow peace to hold and flourish. These activities often overlap and should reinforce one another, to be effective. The UN Security Council has the primary responsibility for international peace and security. The General Assembly and the Secretary-General play major, important, and complementary roles, along with other UN offices and

Although in the past, Canada vastly supported the United Nations, a peacekeeping group, Canada’s rank in the UN Peacekeeping contributions chart has decreased from the 20th to the 21st century. Canada used to be ranked 8th in 1990 sending an average of 1000 forces, whether they be police, military experts, or troops. However in comparison to the other countries that provided thousands of Peacekeepers, in the year 2015, Canada was only ranked 68th sending a total average of 116 forces. From the major decrease of Canadian peacekeepers, it is observed that Canada has scaled back their role as a peacekeeping nation, allowing Canada to uncover its peacemaker within. Secondly, United Nations added an online mediation support tool called Peacemakers. Designed for use by peacemaking professionals, the tool consists of peace agreements, knowledge for guidance as well as material involving the United Nations mediation support services. Peacemaker is used to provide information on various topics revolving around peace mission. The UN’s efforts to try to resolve the worldwide conflict are presented through UN Peacemaker. The UN added peacemaker to inform others of peacemaking, showing that it is not just peacekeeping. Thirdly, the United Nations collects money from its members, Canada may be 9th in the top ten providers, however Canada used to

As the name suggests, peacekeepers are unbiased special forces whose job is to go in locations where there is a state of conflict and use their negotiation skills to prevent the two sides from engaging in war. This is what the Canadian army has been doing since the Cold War to prevent small conflicts to turn into World War III. This is also what they should keep doing to prevent some major wars. Yet, there are also people who prefer to engage in war rather than peaceful means. Today, not everyone knows who they are, what they do, who created the Canadian peacekeeping forces and how today’s peacekeeping forces remember their predecessors.

With the end of World War II (WWII) in 1945 began the Cold War, an international conflict that lasted from 1947–1991 and plagued nations across the globe. As the post-war negotiations were deliberated by three of the strongest world powers, the United States (US), Britain, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), disagreements arose that created tension between the US and the USSR and ultimately instigated the infamous “Fifty Years War” (Crockatt 64). But was this conflict avoidable, or was the Cold War simply inevitable? In order to effectively answer to this issue, the origins and conflicts leading to the Cold War must be evaluated with reference to the post-war territorial

The wars and armed conflicts between the major military powers and the “third world” during the Cold War were largely replaced by intrastate conflicts involving mostly sub-national interests related to ethnicity, religion and culture. In contrast to this, with the fall of the Soviet Union and a new sense of global solidarity, irregular warfare was no longer perceived to be a strategic threat to the dominant US military power. Furthermore, during the 1990’s multinational peacekeeping largely overshadowed counterinsurgency doctrine, which is reflected in America’s involvement in Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo and Haiti at the time. As the world became largely obsessed with peace, democracy and “the end of history”, concerns about asymmetric warfare

The First World War was led to the Second World War. The second world war direct led to cold War. The cold war was a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats propaganda, and anther measures short of warfare, in particular. In the other hand the cold war was a time of political and military tension that occurred about in the year following World War II. The “war” was between Eastern Black the Soviet Union and the Western Black the Unit State. These two potential countries, the united states and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR) had extremely different political, economic, social and ideological differences, and as a result the use of diplomacy was instrument in preventing the advent of a third world War. “Throughout his pre-presidential career, JFK was an active Cold Warrior. As noted, HIS FIRST Congressional campaign boasted of taking on the anti-Cold War faction of the Democratic party led by Henry Wallace, and as a congressman he aligned himself with those who said the Truman Administration wasn’t being tough enough, when he willingly attached his mane to the chorus demanding “Who Lost China?” ( Oct, 1963) Robert Kennedy. The good example of this diplomacy role was that of John F. Kennedy’s administration of

In chapter 35, The main topic was about Robust peacekeeping. Robust peace when UN peacekeepers would only interfere when there was political and operational means to implement. When reading that I pictured just a bunch of wars and fights going on without and enforcement to stop because it didn't seem like a “Big” enough reason. I'm not sure if that is inherently correct description of the reading but if so that seems like a big issue. I think about high school and all the useless drama if no teacher never interfered than major issues would occur. I believe the easiest way to solve a issue is facing the issue as soon as possible. The idea of Robust peacekeeping has been going on for years. Honestly, I’ve never in my life really heard of this.

Peacekeeping operation is led by the Department, and works to create the conditions for lasting peace in a country torn by conflict” (UN Staff, 2003). Military, police and civilian personnel, those who work to deliver security, political and early peacebuilding support consists of peace keeping operation. Currently, there are sixteen peacekeeping operations and one special political mission – the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) – led by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations(UN Staff, 2013).

The bombing of Kosovo by NATO forces may finally come to an end. While the excuses for bombing the troubled region have been challenged, for the most part the world concurs that the atrocities gong on in that nation warranted international action. In any event, the bombing did start and it continues, despite the accidental hits on pedestrian villages and buildings which were not targets in the first place. They have been explained away as unavoidable during such a mission.

The Brahimi Report was a report of the panel on the United Nations Peace Operations in the year 2000 highlighting on the United Nations failure to prevent genocide in Rwanda and to protect the inhabitants of Srebrenica (Bosnia). During the panel much was discussed; member states called for a renewed political commitment, institutional change and increase their financial support. In order to make peacekeeping operations more effective, certain mandatory requirements were put fourth, peacekeeping operations must be properly resourced and equipped, and operate under clear, credible and achievable mandates. In 2000, the UN analyzed previous peacekeeping operations and were not satisfied by the results, as a result the UN began to exercise a series of reforms to strengthen its capacity to manage and sustain field operations. One that I took great note of was “institutional change,” however it is very unclear on what defines institutional change, one case that deserves prominence was The United Nation’s Force Intervention Brigade (UNFIB). UNFIB was a military formation

International peacekeeping efforts are a relatively new feature in military strategy. They have their roots in earlier conflicts, most notably the First Schleswig War between Denmark and Prussia in 1849-1850. A combined force of 3,800 troops from both Sweden and Norway with the intent of maintaining law and order and keeping the peace were assembled, while an armistice was worked out. This set the precedent for peacekeeping operations that would become more commonplace in the twentieth century. After the First World War, the League of Nations was established, the predecessor of what would later become the United Nations. The League was established in large part to hopefully avoid another world war as devastating as the Great War, as it was called. The League of Nations ultimately disbanded, giving way to the United Nations, but peacekeeping operations increased and evolved to encompass broader and more complex conflicts, including civil wars, which were ignored by the League out of respect for a nation’s sovereignty. This brief summary will address how peacekeeping operations evolved over time and how these operations, or a specific operation, shapes the view of peacekeeping operations by the American people.

United Nations was formed in 1945 in numerous peacekeeping missions around the worlds. Following the Second World War in 51 countries focused on keeping up worldwide peace and security; creating cordial relations among countries and advancing social advancement, better living benchmarks and human rights (Anon, 2014). The role and effectiveness of UN peacekeeping missions by taking closer look at the United Nation Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). The United Nation (UN) Security Council established the United Nation Interim Force in Lebanon in March 19, 1978. This mission was to maintain peace and their security in the territory of Lebanon. These operation to protect Lebanon in which occurred between Israel and Lebanon where the Palestinian Liberal Organization (PLO) escaped to the territory of Lebanon. According to El-Hajj (1998) the main objectives of UNIFIL is to make sure and to monitor the cessation of hostilities, to confirm the withdrawal of the Israel forces from Southern Lebanon and the restoration of Lebanese authority.

There are several humanitarian wars took place after the Cold War. It is refers to military action for humanitarian purpose. It occurs when a country is facing massive killings or violation of human rights. Troops responsible for humanitarian purpose called peacekeeping team. It is controversial as it involves the contradiction between human right and sovereignty. In most cases, reason of sending troops for humanitarian intervention is at the time when human rights and principle of Self-Determination are violated. But, opposition countries argued that the action is violating international law of sovereignty like the Charter of the United Nation (UN) Article 2(7) which is the principle of non-interference. In addition, the