United States And Brown V Board Of Education

According to the official website of NAACP, the organization was determined to ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality of African Americans of United States. This determination was proven when NAACP set a stated goal to advocate the constitutional rights of African Americans and aimed to overcome the obstacles “erected to the enjoyment of those rights” (Current 9). Stated again in their official website, NAACP had their focus in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the United States Constitution, which assured a new generation without slavery and equal protection of the law.

The supreme court case of Brown v.s. Board of Education was taken place at Topeka, Kansas in 1954. At the time America was slowly becoming more integrated, but we weren’t quite there yet. Many people at the time didn’t really like the idea of blacks and whites in one school, but the NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was trying to change that. The NAACP was focusing most of their attention on helping blacks get an equal education, which lead to interigrated schools. In the supreme court case Brown v.s. Board of Education, there was a little brown girl named Linda Brown and she was in third grade.

The point of this paper is to tell you about segregation with Brown vs. The Board of Education. The case is not just one simple case it is five different complex cases. Also you’re going to learn about the case that was the starting point of stopping segregation.

The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was founded in the year of 1909 in New York City. This association is considered the nation’s biggest and oldest civil rights organizations. It was formed in response to the continuing terrible practice of lynching during that period. Lynching was being practiced during this time and affected many people just because of their skin color. The NAACP was made by white and black citizens “[fought] for social justice” (NAACP History).

On February 12, 1909, the NAACP, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, was founded. The NAACP was founded in response to the 1908 race riot in Springfield, Illinois and the terrible practice known as lynching. Their goal was to secure the rights, for all people, guaranteed to people in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments in the United States Constitution. Even though some of the most important wins in court happened when Charles Hamilton Houston was the leader, his student, Thurgood Marshall, won some important ones too ("NAACP Legal History", NAACP.org). This essay is going to focus on some of the court cases that were fought when Marshall was in charge ( Janken, Kenneth R. "The Civil Rights Movement: 1919-1960s")

In a century where free black men can be lynched for just looking at a white woman in the wrong way without due process, immediate change was required. It also demonstrated an urgent need for an effective civil rights organization that can advocate for the whole greater benefit of African Americans. The NAACP was proven to be more effective than the Tuskegee institution, as history has proven that physical form of pressure and show of defiance creates a greater pressure on politicians. Because of its effectiveness, many famous historical civil rights activists have taken the approach of physical defiance, from Gandhi to Martin Luther King Jr. Why did they not take the approach advocated by Booker T. Washington? As such, the NAACP is the premier advocate of equal rights for African Americans and increased the scope of the “public sphere”, where a voluntary association, such as the NAACP, act as the agent that gathers people together to discuss and advocate for great social changes. The government do not always have the citizen’s benefit in mind, so this is where democracy’s effectiveness shines through, where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action, and NAACP is the catalyst. Perhaps this is the reason why NAACP could survive, while other similar organizations faded away as it become irrelevant or

One of the biggest turning points for African Americans was the case of Brown vs the Board of Education. In the 1950’s, public places were segregated, including the local schools. There were all white-school and all-black schools. During this time, many African American children had to be bused out of their neighborhoods or had to walk several miles just to attend their specific school. Brown vs the Board of Education was not just about equality, this case was the starting point of many American realizing that separate but equal was not effective. This case was the catalyst to equality when using restrooms and water fountains, essentially making all men/women equal, regardless of race, creed, or color.

The above articles and book outline the NAACP involvement in the civil rights movement during the mid-1930s and 1940s. They provided an excellent historiographical analysis of NAACP’s legal actions conducted during this period. Ultimately, these author’s articles and book supports the argument that the actions of the NAACP in the 1930s and 1940s impacted or contributed to the overall outcome of the civil rights movement in the

The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education would probably not have been pursued had the segregated schools at the time been equal. But the term “equal” refers to a lot of things, not just to a single aspect such as the quality of teachers, buildings, supplies, etc. The schools could not have been equal because the social economic status of the parents, and therefore of the children were not equal. The schools for African American children had enormous resource shortages at that time. Socially and economic disadvantaged students require much greater resources than middle class white students to prepare for success in school. Expensive but necessary resources include high quality and affordable early childhood, after school and

schools outright banned African American from learning with white students by either segregation or outright banning from such institutions. Integration of black children with white children was made nearly impossible during these days due to fierce local opposition, such as Canaan, New Hampshire’s Noyes Academy, with a lack of support African Americans had been mostly illiterate until during the Reconstruction period in the South. With the conclusion of the Civil War, the newly established coalition of Freedman and Republicans in the Southern state legislatures passed laws establishing the right to public education regardless of race throughout the United States. With African Americans being granted the right to public education, their literacy rate climbed over 50% by 1900, a major achievement within less than one generation. From the notable segregation of African Americans from the white population with schools, colleges began arising throughout the country, both state schools such as Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, as private colleges established by Northern missionary societies. This overall segregation of schools would continue in the south, with the notable exception of New Orleans schools which were desegregated, until Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 deemed it unconstitutional leading to fully integrated schools nation-wide by the 1970’s. After the decision, technically equality of education regardless of race had been achieved by 1970.

Discrimination laws have been put in place to protect the rights of women and colored people and has changed the way people look at discrimination. Colored men went from being slaves to being able to register to vote and becoming the President of the United States. Women went from not having a right to vote, join the military, or count as a person because they were considered one with the husband to being able to be their own person. The possibilities are endless for women and colored men now. Women and colored people have had to work extraordinarily hard and face abnormally difficult challenges to get where they are at today, but in some cases the equality protection rights are still not what they should be and the rights become disregarded

Founded February 12, 1909, the NAACP is the nation’s oldest, largest and most widely recognized grassroots-based civil rights organization. It’s more than half-million members and supporters throughout the United States and the world are the premier advocates for civil rights in their communities, campaigning for equal opportunity and conducting voter mobilization.

As society changes, laws change as well to keep up with changes in some cases, the law are for the better of the majority, however, there have been several laws that have been enacted to impose inequality.

Education case, the Supreme Court held that separate was innately unequal, and that the very process of separating one group of children from another is detrimental. Chief Justice Earl Warren states that "to separate black children from others group of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone." Consequently, the court ordered that America’s schools must set about the task of integration "with all deliberate speed."

In the “Atlanta Compromise Address” in 1895, Booker T. Washington explains that African-Americans need to be prepared when it comes to working industriously. If blacks can be powerful enough to buy surplus land, and run factories, then eventually they will be equal to whites, and be the most patient, law-abiding and unresentful people that the world has seen (Doc. D). Created in 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), it swiftly became the most important civil rights organization in the country. The NAACP pressured employers, labor unions, and the government on behalf of African Americans. It had some victories. In Guinn v. United States (1915), the Supreme Court overturned a “grandfather clause” that kept African Americans from voting in Oklahoma. In 1918, in the midst of World War I, the NAACP and the National Urban League persuaded the federal government to form a special Bureau of Negro Economics within the Labor Department to look after the interests of African American wage earners. However, despite these gains, African Americans continued to experience disfranchisement, poor job opportunities, and segregation. T. Thomas Fortune, a Black activist and newspaper editor claim that he visited Tuskegee, and explains what is being taught there and how it is beneficial. He claims that 400 African Americans there are being taught, black smithing, wheel-wrighting, carpentering, printing, and building. In other words, African-Americans are