Vu481 Research Events In Australian History Essay

Australia was first claimed by Captain Cook in early 1770, but it wasn’t settled until 1788 when the first fleet of 11 ships arrived at Botany Bay, carrying 1,530 passengers - mostly convicts, as well as some marines and officers. They moved to Port Jackson to begin establishing a settlement. Specific prisoners were chosen for the trip, the ones with skills in building, farming and other things that would have been useful to create a “liveable” environment for the new inhabitants. The first “free” settlers only arrived in 1793, thus beginning the colonisation of New South Wales.

also rough seas a lot of the time and it was difficult to wait for the

The punishment was decided upon depending on the crime. Out of all of them, hanging was the most severe and was very common. During the 19th century, the number of criminals that were punished by hanging rose to about 200. However, hanging was not the only punishment used. Flogging, beheading, and transportation were also common. Flogging is the act of beating the human body with whips, rods, switches, etc. Beheading was the complete separation of the head and body typically by blade, sword, axe, or mechanical means. Transportation was the act of relocating inmates to different places to work and sometimes sending them to the armed forces. Due to the significant number of criminals that were being sentenced with the death penalty, people named

The delivery of punishment has changed significantly over the centuries. Up until the 19th century in England, imprisonment was not regarded as a punishment, it was merely used while the offender waited to be sentenced to their ‘real’ punishment (Bull, 2010; Hirst, 1998). Corporal punishment such as flogging, branding and mutilation, death by hanging, and transportation to other continents such as America and Australia were common punitive measures through the ages, until well into the 1800’s (Newburn, 2003). Although these extreme penalties are no longer acceptable or practised by criminal courts in England or Australia, in some ways, the past has

people did not want to leave the comforts of home for the hardships of this new land.

Convicts had a hard life in Australia. The convicts in Australia really hated it, they just wanted to be home in England. A lot of the convicts even committed suicide and some people did illegal things on purpose to go to Australia to commit suicide, or they just simply left back home to England after there sentence was over, which was a huge end. Also a lot of convicts died from diseases because of the

The ideal of imprisonment did not exist during the colonial time. The penitentiary system was a nineteenth-century invention. The colonial, period was hierarchical, and the servants were supposed to be kept in place.

Traveling to the coast of West Africa was difficult because of the winds and currents

The punishments for crime in the colonial times were harsh in some cases or humiliating. Some crimes like murder, treason, or piracy,(stealing from other boats) had people sentenced to death. Crimes that cost the price of humiliation were crimes such as being drunk or working or traveling on sunday.The specific way a criminal would be punished is that

many different ports for trading. This also helped the United States Navy, with all these

This was a big deal to the economy since the ships were sold to traders and there was always a demand to build. Another reason the needed to build ships was because New England had multiple ports since it had many different water sources the Atlantic Ocean being the major surrounding ocean . The many bodies of water also made their diet mostly fish and shellfish to make up for the lack of farming.

During the early colonial era, punishments were often determined by the crime, as well a fine to the court. Many of these crimes were merely "complaints" such as "singing and fiddling at midnight" and were merely punished with a fine to both the court, and to the people affected (Document 4-3, Pg. 4). Punishments are determined by what the crime was, the severity, the offender's race, religion, and the number of times that this person as committed any crime. Punishments often reflected the crime, for example, a man convicted of beating an individual would be sentenced to being whipped, and a man convicted of theft would have to pay large fines to the court as well as to the person that they stole from. Overall, the methods of punishment and

Convict reputation is quite a controversial topic with two main evident opinions on how Australia’s convicts should be perceived. George Arnold Wood and several other historians have made strong arguments in stating that convicts were victims of rapid economic change and an unjust legal system, however, there are also many historians who oppose this view and believe that convicts were of a professional criminal class. This essay will discuss the social and economic background of Britain at the time, historical records of convicts and will also evaluate the arguments of historians regarding convict identity, in order to achieve an accurate assumption on convict history. Britain’s economic background is one aspect that is of high importance

Australia had always acknowledge Britain as the “mother country”. When Britain declared war on Germany for invading Poland, Australia was announced to be at war by the former Prime Minister, Gordon Menzies. “Fellow Australians, it is my melancholy duty to inform you officially that, in consequence of the persistence of Germany in her invasion of Poland, Great Britain has declared war upon her, and that, as a result, Australia is also at war.”

If people were not trusted they would be chained up with a heavy metal ball so it would be hard for them to run away. Another punishment is when you missed behaved you what solitary punishment. The reason why it's because you were to fight or say bad language. In source 12 it states “solitary confinement was the most common punishment and was used for everything from cooking.” That was the least hurtful punishment. The worst punishment was called the dark room. In source 12 “ The most notorious of these punishments was the dark cell.” The reason why they called it the dark cell was because it was dark. You’d be contained in an iron cage which they'd be locked in. The room was 15 by 15 very small they wouldn't get much room. The nickname for the dark cell was called “snake den.” The reason why is because it says “possibly because a prisoner got bitten by a snake his stay.” Other stories said that the guards would drop scorpions and snakes. But nowadays punishment isn't as harsh nowadays they are in solitary for 2 days for not bathing. Also, they would get in trouble for 3 days for littering the