We Rely on All the Four Ways of Knowing; Sense of Perception, Language, Emotion and Reason. However, They All Have Weaknesses. We Often Use Ways of Knowing in Conjunction with Each Other. Some Areas of Knowledge Might

In other words, both the mother and child have moral status and a right to life, but the mother has a higher status, according to Thompson. This puts her future in jeopardy, so this provokes the question, why is the mother’s life not included in Marquis’s argument? Although Marquis gives a valid argument for why abortion is immoral, it is broad and does not use real life situations. By not doing this, it is too difficult to prove his premises true, hindering his soundness. As for his argument, the deprivation of one’s future, only the fetus’s future is taken into consideration. Marquis would perhaps need to delve into the subject of moral status to achieve a sound, as well as complete

Marquis’ argument puts forward the claim that most deliberate abortions are immoral, and this is because the loss of one’s future “inflicts…the greatest possible [loss] on the victim” (SG 168). This is because the deprivation of one’s future reduces the inherent value of any possible future pleasure, experiences and activities (SG 169). This account addresses flaws associated

Source 1 The “Necessary Evil” Argument Does Not Justify Abortion Forsythe, Clarke D. "The 'Necessary Evil' Argument Does Not Justify Abortion." Opposing Viewpoints: Abortion. Ed. Mary E. Williams. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Apollo Library-Univ of Phoenix. 9 Jan. 2010 .

obtaining an abortion before the fetus is viable (Seward par. 4). The decision of “undue

The purpose of this essay is to set out an argument that abortion is wrong. Some claim that only in “rare” instances, such as rape or within a few days of contraception, abortion is acceptable. I will agree that there are certain circumstances that abortion is more “acceptable” than other times, albeit however few and far between these instances arise. Instances that make abortion more “okay” are rape, and once it is discovered that the mother's life is in danger if she were to carry the baby the full term of the pregnancy. The basis for my argument comes from reading two opposing essays on abortion , in regards to whether it is “right” or wrong, “A defense of Abortion” by Judith

In “A Defense of Abortion” written by Judith Jarvis Thomson, the author analyzes premises for which she believes that abortion should be permissible, but argues in some cases abortion should also not be allowed. Her analysis is different from most papers on this subject, because she immediately throws the argument of if the fetus is a person out the window. She calls it a “slippery slope argument”(Thomson 54). Thomson, instead, presents that a fetus does have the right to life, but she uses thought experiments that show the fetus’s right to life does not trump the mother's right to life. In this paper, I am going to discuss Thomson’s arguments, possible objections to her argument, and provide an answer for the objection using the author’s

Much of the ethical debate stemming from this topic lies with the issue of personhood. Personhood is a concept that defines what is it is that makes a person a “person”. There is no established criteria for this concept and it can vary depending on one’s belief. Patil, Dode & Ahirrao (2014), argue that the concept of personhood is the bridge that connects the fetus with the right to life. If one considers the fetus a person then ethically abortion is wrong. If the fetus is not a person then abortion is ethically acceptable. The issue on personhood mirrors the subjectivity of abortion debate.

Abortion is a polarizing issue that many have firm opinions about. Abortion is a moral issue because it involves whether or not a fetus has the right to life and if ending that life is considered to be murder or not. Don Marquis presents the argument that abortion is morally wrong because it deprives the fetus of a future. Marquis continues that any action that robs a person of a future, such as abortion, is morally wrong. Marquis’ argument for abortion is unsound, especially for cases such as rape. To illustrate, if Marquis argues that any action that robs a person of a future is morally wrong, then it follows that a woman who suffered the consequences of rape is also robbed of a potential future. It is important to consider involuntary pregnancies

Women are told motherhood is a possible consequence of their willingness to engage in sexual intercourse should they fail to use contraceptives effectively. This argument implies the role of sexual intercourse for women as the obligation to carry their fetus to term, which is more of a dictatorial argument of the role of a woman. It lacks accountability towards the role and responsibility of the father in these situations, suggesting they are not bound by the same duty. Similar to the sexism this debate seemingly overlooks, irrational thinking also cloud the way of logical

Because of the fact that rationalism is one that leads the age of Enlightenment during Renaissance, reason often worshipped as the primary way of knowing in Western society. Therefore, I would like to evaluate reason first, that it is actually better ways of knowing than others or just a hype. In mathematics, which is an area of knowing that is “the poetry of logical ideas”, reason can be treated as the supreme ways of knowing. Every mathematical ideas, are logically built from certain mathematical definitions, which are known as axioms. If these theorems are not proven by this way, they cannot be accepted in mathematics. For example, the proof of Pythagorean theorem, is based on geometric axioms of square. Therefore, it is acceptable that reason can be “better” ways of knowing than others in field of mathematics. Also, in Natural science, such as Physics, avoiding emotion and praising reason often be

Reason is considered to be one of the most powerful ways of knowing. One main strength of reason as a way of knowing is that it seems to provide us with validity. Individuals can interpret logic to be the study of the accurate way of reasoning. It includes disputes, deceptiveness, validity, invalidity and assumption. Logic makes it easier for us to comprehend exactly what our beliefs are and demonstrates how visibly we can exhibit them. Over the years logicians have come across two ways of reasoning; inductive and deductive. Inductive reasoning is the practice of scientific morals that is use to draw the most apparent or possible conclusion from proof.

Just because an abortion is legal, that does not make it morally or ethically correct.

A way of knowing by its own, is like a building without bases to make it a complete whole. Therefore as a result of the discussion, I agree with the statement “No knowledge can be produced by a single way of

A writer named Nalini Singh once said “Emotion without reason lets people walk all over you; reason without emotion is a mask for cruelty”. When looking at the ways of knowing, one can see that they all exist individually. The ways of knowing are what provide us with the necessary understanding in order to develop information in an area of knowledge. The ways of knowing accumulate knowledge by different means and often provide insight into different aspects of knowledge. When one way of knowing is used, this does not mean that another should be used as well. However, to strengthen one's knowledge upon a certain topic they co-exist and correspond together in order for the person to fully understand the topic at hand. For example, both reason and intuition when presented together can show a greater understanding in an area of knowledge rather than just one of the two. The use of multiple ways of knowing is more likely to allow for a deeper understanding of an area of knowledge.

The production of knowledge is a process that occurs through a sequence of related actions, these series of actions allows for the Ways of Knowing to interact in a way that works to develop the knowledge that is being produced. From the prescribed title we can claim that while the Ways of Knowing may appear to be acting in isolation when forming knowledge, they are actually working in a variety of different ways in the construction and formation. In some cases, the Ways of Knowing are interacting so closely together that it is often hard to differentiate between them, for example emotion and reason, or imagination and memory. Given the right circumstances faith can be isolated to a point where it can be acting by itself to produce knowledge. However, this knowledge is often deemed as unreliable, due to faith being seen as one of the more “subjective” ways of knowing. This inability to differentiate the ways of knowing from each other during the production of knowledge, raises the questions “Can any knowledge in any Area of Knowledge be produced by a single Way of Knowing?” and “Is it possible to distinguish between Ways of Knowing if they are working together?”. While reason is used in almost all production of knowledge, it is the other Ways of Knowing used that can determine whether the knowledge is reliable or not, as some Ways of Knowing are more subjective than others. This essay will attempt to