What Is Socioeconomic Status And Parental Involvement?

The lowest level of poverty was recorded in 1973 with only 11.1 percent of America living at or below the poverty line. In America at that time there were twenty-three million people falling into this category. Today there are still about thirty-six million people considered poor. This is almost fourteen percent of the population. The big cities saw a bigger decline also.

1. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2012, there were 46.5 million Americans in living poverty and the official U.S. poverty rate was 15.0 percent. (U.S. Census Bureau)

The poverty status in the last 12 months for all families, White alone is 8.3%, Black alone is 30.4%, American Indian and Alaska Native alone is 37.8%, Asian alone is 16.5%, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone is 30.8%, some other race alone is 35.9%, and two or more races alone is 32.0% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2017). (ADD NEW STUFF FROM CQ ALMANAC FOR VOTING AND CONSTIUENTS)

The United States developed the official poverty measures in 1960. It was developed by President Lyndon B. Johnson, who had declared a war on poverty during the Civil Rights era. (The Path of Power- The years of Lyndon B. Johnson, (Caro, 16). The poverty rate of African Americans has been declining for many years. The Census Bureau releases two reports every year that describe who is poor in the United States based on cash resources. There is also the supplemental poverty measure (SPM) which takes account for the cash resources and non cash benefits from government programs aimed at low income families. (www.Census.gov/People and household). In 2012 there were over 46.5 million people in poverty and of those numbers 10 million were African

Socioeconomic status influences health care quality and outcomes. Patients of lower socioeconomic status are more likely to have worse self-reported health, lower life expectancy, and suffer from more chronic conditions when compared with those of higher socioeconomic status. As a result, patients of lower socioeconomic status, in which we will encounter throughout our career’s, require more care and attention during their visits due to this lack of access. These individuals typically need the most care and unfortunately, we will not see them as often compared to other socioeconomic groups. An additional additive for this population may include providing them with take home exercises in which they are able to perform on their own. That is if they are invested enough to complete them without further supervision. While some hospitals are willing to revise their current policies, to basically “write off” the lower class, we as athletic trainers have to be advocates for these individuals who make up the majority of the population. The first step that we can take involves going a step above to the school board and asking for better nutritional options regarding school lunches. Most school lunch options fail to include fresh alternatives consisting of mostly processed food that can be easily distributed to a large number of students. Another way in which we can promote healthy eating habits is by utilizing social media to share coupons and local grocery store ads to the parents of

Parental involvement in children 's education from an early age has a significant effect on the educational achievement and will continue to do so as they develop into their adolescence and adulthood. Sylva, K Melhuish, E, Sammons, P Siaj Blatchford, I and Taggart B (2004). Effective preschool education final report. DFES. London. Institute of Education. Family learning can also provide a range of benefits for parents and children including improvements in reading, writing and numeracy as well as greater parental confidence in helping the child at home. Brookes, G., T., Harman, J., Hutchinson, D., Kinder, K., Moor, H., And Wilkin, A. (1997). Family Literacy Lasts, Cited in Desforges, C and Abouchaar, A. (2003). The impact of Parental Involvement, Parental Support and Family Education on Public Achievement and Adjustments. A Literature Review. DFES Research Report 433. In 2007 around half of parents surveyed said that they felt very involved in their child 's school life. Two thirds of parents said that they would like to get more involved in their child 's school life (with work commitments being commonly cited barrier to greater involvement. Peters, M., Seeds, K., Goldstein, A. and Coleman, N. (2008) Parental Involvement in Children 's Education 2007. Research Report. DCSF RR034. Levels of parental involvement vary among

According to the U.S Census of 2016-2017, statistics show there is 12.7 percent poverty rate in the United

Blacks experienced the highest poverty rate, at 27 percent, up from 25 percent in 2009, and Hispanics rose to 26 percent from 25 percent. For whites, 9.9 percent lived in poverty, up from 9.4 percent in 2009. Asians were unchanged at 12.1 percent.” (Tavernise, 2011)

The future of the nation relies in the hands of societies children. Children will be the solution to every present issue and hold the key for a nation's upward mobility. As a result, the education and parenting a child receives is crucial to their future. Specifically, a parent's socioeconomic status can either be detrimental or beneficial for a child. Although some romantic critics may argue that a parent's social structural location does not have profound implications for their children's life chances nor for the future of the nation, recent shifts in the United States and world economies demonstrate that there is a decline in “good jobs” and a rise in “bad jobs”. Three significant factors of a parent's status that define a child’s life chances

For instances, African Americans and Latinos in particular seem to have a lower Socioeconomic status compared to Asian and Caucasians who seem to have a higher Socioeconomic status. This can affect the parent involvement because parents with low socioeconomic status can find themselves working past regular hours at work to simply provide necessities to their children. This can then decrease the parent involvement in school events or assistance a child might need with schoolwork. In general the socioeconomic status within certain ethnicities show a lack of parental involvement due to factors that are impacted by the socioeconomic status of the family. In regards of a child’s education level, parental involvement is critically necessary for children to do well in school regardless of what grade level they are in. The studies demonstrated that as a child gets older and progresses through their education parental involvement begins to decrease. Therefore, parental involvement proved to be much more higher in early education (e.g. elementary school), than secondary education (e.g. middle school and high

The education levels for parents of low performing students appears to be the most perplexing barrier and explanation for the lack of parent involvement. The National Center for Educational Statistics (2003) presented data from a study titled Parent Involvement in Education that indicated the percentage of parents who attended a school meeting of function with their child was higher in households among parents who have attained higher educational levels. The report also indicated that the percentage of parents who had completed college and attended a school meeting or event was 93% as compared to those parents who had only completed their high school education was 70%.

2. Black -Americans have the highest poverty rate. 26.2 percent of African Americans in the U.S. live in poverty, according to the Census Bureau.

Research on parenting also has shown that parent education is related to a warm, social climate in the home. Shumow and Miller (2001) described parental home involvement as those conversations between parent and child that focused on school experiences, while school involvement was conceptualized as parents’ availability for contact with the school. Epstein and Sanders (2002) looked at both direct behaviors, such as attending parent teacher conferences, and indirect behaviors, such as sharing educational expectations with the child. Research indicates that home involvement had greater impact on academic achievement (VanVoorhis, 2003), while regular parent-child discussions about school and expectations had the greatest impact on educational outcomes of adolescents, including truancy and dropping out (McNeal, 1999). Klebanov et al. (1994) found that both mothers’ education and family income were important predictors of the physical environment and learning experiences in the home but that mothers’ education alone was predictive of parental warmth. Although parental involvement is an important contributor to children’s positive school outcomes, much less is known about the factors that motivate parents’ involvement practices. Avvisati et al. (2010) opined that due to recent local and national reforms, parent’s behavior and

Socioeconomic status is also important predictors of health. It is typically measured by educational attainment, income, wealth, occupation, or a combination. Usually, when a population has a higher SES, a higher health. Minority communities usually experience poor health conditions, low educational levels, and slower development. Socioeconomic status affects health in many ways like health disparities such as access to health care, living in healthier neighborhoods, and so much more. SES and health disparities go in hand with each other. Minority groups, such as African American, tend to be lower in the socioeconomic levels. Environment is responsible for individual health because a person’s physical and social environment can affect their well-being. It plays and important role in maintaining their health disparities. The environment can affect your physical, biological risk factors, and changes in behavior. A child can be more often to act out if they come from a poverty neighborhood than someone who lives in the suburban. African Americans usually are exposed to greater health hazards, including drugs and alcohol. A child may be expose to marijuana and cocaine, and start to cope with these things with stress or to fit in. In general, minorities do not have the same environmental exposure as those living in a wealthier neighborhood. There are two to three as many fast foods restaurants in African American neighborhoods than whites. This contributes to obesity and

A families socioeconomic status has many different effects on various aspects of their everyday lifestyle. One of these aspects of everyday life is overall health and nutrition. Economically, healthier foods can be more difficult to obtain amongst lower income homes. It is important that all people, especially those economically struggling, find healthier and more affordable options to gain proper nutrients. There has been extensive research done to investigate the lack of proper nutrition locally and how a family’s socioeconomic status plays a role in this. Children, especially those under the age of sixteen, are more inclined to be less healthy coming from a lower income family than a child that is coming from a more stable financial situation.