Essay on human evolution

What evidence shows the changing from the early hominids to the modern humans? Throughout the human evolution body parts like legs and harms have changed for the better. By the early hominids being biped, meaning they are able to stand and even walk on two feet, it helped them to be able to do more things like getting around more and help with their tool making and hunting. A lot of the fossils discovered were found in the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, which contained many different lakes and small rivers. For many years researchers have been finding new species. These species have been named Australopithicus, robust australopithecines , Orrorin tugenensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, neanderthal, and Homo sapiens. These early

Human species or in scientific terms know as, Homo Sapiens has evolved drastically in the last couple of billion years. Human evolution all started from our great ancestors, the chimpanzees. Human evolution started all in the continent of Africa. Due to global changes, evolution changed over time. Thus leading to the evolution of mankind. But man didn't just evolve from chimpanzees. There were a lot of scientific processes and different events that led up to final evolution of mankind. But what does it mean humans evolved from chimpanzees? Why is the human evolution such a small speck in the evolution graph of the evolution of the whole earth? These questions that have been asked frequently by curious people has led scientists to dig

In this essay I am looking at where Psychology as a discipline has come from and what affects these early ideas have had on psychology today, Psychology as a whole has stemmed from a number of different areas of study from Physics to Biology,

This in turn allowed them to consider the context of differing abilities to cope with fluctuating resources, different variables, and overall paths in brain development between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans (AMHs). Although Neanderthals did share similar brain sizes comparable to anatomically modern humans (AMHs), nevertheless Neanderthals brain cases were elongated and not globular as in Homo Sapiens implying that anatomically modern humans (AMHs) and Neanderthals reached fairly large brain sizes along dissimilar evolutionary paths. In their underlying research, they hypothesize that similarly sized brains of both Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans (AMHs) were ostensibly organized differently for two

Part 2) Explain and evaluate the significance of the evidence given to justify this phylogeny. Using the relationship between jaw bone, size, brain and body weight, etc.

As far back as the time when man first discovered ways to communicate with one another he has attempted to understand and explain the course of historical events. In considering the historical development of scientific psychology two main views of the historical progress the field of science have emerged: personalistic theory and naturalistic theory.

Many of the features that distinguish Homo erectus from other hominin species—both earlier and later species—are seen in the skull. The average brain size of Homo erectus is estimated to have been roughly 900 cubic centimeters (cc.), which is larger than Homo habilis, but smaller than that of Homo heidelbergensis and other later forms. The size of the Homo erectus brain is negligibly larger than in Homo habilis when it is considered as in relation to body size—i.e., brain size increased substantially in Homo erectus, but, because body size also increased, the relative size of the Homo erectus brain is not considerably larger than that of Homo habilis. The absolute in brain size, however, caused changes in the brain case; for instance, the

Paleoanthropologist discover a skeleton of an 8 year old Neanderthals boy recovered from El Sidrón cave in Spain. Based on the skeleton, Dr.Rosas and his team studied the ancient Neanderthal remains and made an analysis of how the Neanderthal’s brain is different from modern day brain. The Neanderthal people’s brain are much larger but take longer time to grow.

The Neander Valley located in Germany is the place known for the first fossil find of Neanderthals; this fossil was found in 1856. In addition, the Neanderthals were identified as an earlier human species anticipating the modern day humans (Crane-Kramer and Harrison 2015:145). The Neanderthals were living during the last glacial period, which required them to develop particular traits that allowed them to survive in cold weathers. Compared to the modern human, Neanderthals were shorter and displayed a stockier body shape, which was an evolutionary adaption to the colder envoirment. Neanderthals demonstrated a large brain size of 1520cc; when compared to the modern human it is larger. This is not because they had more intelligence, but instead their brain was in poprotation with their body size. Furthermore, their skull was also larger because of a characteristic specified to Neanderthals called the occipital bun (Crane-Kramer and Harrison 2015:145). The occipital bun was a “large protrusion on the rear part of the cranium” (Crane-Kramer and Harrison 2015:145).

There is evidence to suggest that Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens had coexisted for approximately 35-40,000 years, (Fagan 2010) from around 60,000 years ago to 25,000 years ago when they finally went extinct (Gibbon 2001). Anthropologists are still uncertain what the cause of their extinction was. This paper will analyze three main theories of Neanderthal extinction. The first theory is the competition theory, which claims that the Homo sapiens and Neanderthals had to compete for resources, ultimately leading to their demise. The second theory I will discuss is the climate change theory, which claims that Homo sapiens lived while Neanderthals died because they were better adapted to the climate. The last theory I will discuss is

The body plan of a H.erectus is very much more like that of a living human having a ratio of arm length to leg length. With this change in the body structure it showed that there is a pattern of bipedal locomotion. It soon became completely committed to terrestrial life by adopting a fully modern

The numbers for endocranial volume measured in centimeters for the mean in Homo Erectus were, 952.3, 1229.6 for Mid-Pleistocene and 1350 for the most recent humans. For the frontal arc, we really can not say that there is any similar measurement between the three because there are no measurements given to us for the recent humans. There are measurements for the parietal arc, and occipital arc both measured in millimeters. For the parietal arc measurements in Homo Erectus were 101.8, 114.8 for Mid-Pleistocene, and 125 for recent humans. In the occipital measurements for Homo Erectus, it was 108.6, in Mid-Pleistocene 122.8, and finally 111 for recent humans. One last similar measurement that I am going to mention is the frontal angle with 142.2 in Homo Erectus, 140.8 in Mid-Pleistocene, and lastly 129 in recent humans. In one last measurement that I am going to mention is the occipital angle measuring 104.2 for Homo Erecus,, 106.8 in the Mid-Pleistocene homonins, and 119 in recent humans. There were more measurements but the ones that showed the similarity between them were the ones that were put on here. The measurements clearly show that they are very close to the homonins in Mid-Pleistocene. We can also see that as evolution occurred, the skull increased in size due to the brain also

      Throughout the years, our brain shape has changed in result of the nutrition received. The amount of nutrition received is the biggest factor with regard to the change in brain size. Therefore, the sufficient nutrition increased the size of the brain. In result, the increased brain size created advanced cognitive functions.

Psychologists have been focused on observing and understanding human behavior for centuries, dating back to the Greek philosophers when psychology and philosophy were considered one.Today, Psychology is the study of human behavior, beginning before birth and lasting until death. It is clear that the observance human behavior is a vast and profound source of data for psychologists. Early philosophers relied on methods of observation and logic. A physiologist named Wilhelm Wundt in the 1800’s began using scientific research methods in his study of mental processes. However, the situation was totally different in the beginning of 20th century when psychology still struggled to be regarded as a separate discipline with practical value(Mastering,2011). Psychologists had only begun to be accepted as a science. It was John B. Watson who established the school of Behaviorism and inspired many other psychologists to study patterns of human behavior and their mechanisms. Watson 's contribution to psychology is important not to underestimate; he studied animal and human behavior to come up with a methodology that would give Psychology a respected status among other scientific disciplines. This essay will focus on the biography and works of John B. Watson with a purpose to show why his works are important for Psychology today(Hergenhahn & Henley, 2013).

Hominids with a brain absolutely and relatively larger than that of the australopithecines appeared about 2.3 million years ago. These hominids are classified in our own genus: Homo. The earliest species to appear was the Homo Habilis. It was the first of our ancestors to show a significant increase in brain size and also the first to be found associated with stone tools. These characteristics resulted in this species’ placement into the human genus, Homo.