Acetylcholine

There are a number of factors that can alter a person’s heart rate. It can be environmental, physical, mental, or chemically-induced (Hjortskov et al, 2004). One such factor that can induce a change in heart rate is mental activity and stress (Bernardi, et al., 2000). Heart rate, even without any sort of environmental stimulus such as mental activity, is controlled primarily by the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). This is a division of the Peripheral nervous system that controls the function and regulation

Alzheimer’s Disease is a chronic neurological disease characterized by memory loss, behavioral changes, and a progressive loss of intellectual function. This disease has a wide array of symptoms and effects that vary greatly from person to person throughout the three stages of disease progression. The three stages are classified as mild, moderate, and severe. It is tough to give an accurate prognosis with Alzheimer’s patients seeing as everyone reacts differently to the disease and the medications

Intelligence refers to the ability to obtain information and apply skills and consists of different functions, memory, reasoning, logic; these are all controlled by different areas of the brain. Alzheimer’s Disease inhibits short term memory first, before it continually moves throughout the brain, eventually affecting part of the brain that controls involuntary functions. With this in mind someone with MCI would not be able to make clear judgments and recall memory stored in long term memory. The

since 1956. In 2012, 1-3 million pounds of malathion were sold (EPA). Malathion functions by inhibiting the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, by phosphorylation of the serine residue at the active site of the enzyme (EPA, 2016). This inhibition causes acetylcholine accumulation which leads to neurotoxicity in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (EPA, 2016). Malathion has been previously shown to increase the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase with increased time of exposure (Krstic et

action and how they relate to the size of response created (Michelson 2007). Eserine should not act as a antagonist, but instead increase the size of response created by other agonists. Method Materials The test compound and agonist substances acetylcholine, carbachol, methacholine and histamine were obtained with enough volume to complete the experiment. A fresh guinea pig ilium obtained through a freshly killed guinea pig. An organ bath is needed with an attached water jacket and aerator to circulate

The brain contains billions of neurons (cells) that carry out communication throughout the nervous system in order to function. Each neuron also produces neurotransmitters (messenger molecules) that are released by the neuron and may affect the adjacent neurons. When a nerve cell is activated, this produces an impulse which starts in the body, passes along the axon, and ends in the terminal bouton. This causes the release of the neurotransmitters into the synapse, therefore a ‘message’ has been released

The rabies virus attacks nervous tissue and appears to duplicate almost exclusively in neuronal cells. As soon as delivered through the pores and skin or mucous membrane, the virus starts replicating in the striated muscles on the wound part. The virus can reflect in muscle cells for hours or weeks, or it could migrate immediately to the nervous system through unmyelinated sensory nerve endings on the inoculation website online. Migration to the nervous system is through the nearest sensory or

In 1965, Dow Chemical introduced chlorpyrifos in its pesticides, and it was used for years in homes as an insect killer, however by 1995 “Dow Chemical was fined by the EPA in the amount of $732,000 for not revealing over 200 reports of poisoning that occurred related to the chemical, chlorpyrifos,” and fortunately by the year 2000, chlorpyrifos was eliminated from the pesticides used in the homes (Hamblin). However, even though it is not used in household pesticides, it is a familiar chemical

Organs of the body, such as the heart, intestines, and stomach, are regulated by the autonomic nervous system.  The autonomic nervous system is known as the involuntary division of the nervous system which consists of autonomic neurons that innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, and exocrine glands.  The autonomic nervous system plays an essential role to keep the internal environment of the body in proper balance, known as homeostasis.  Regulation of blood pressure, gastrointestinal responses

As humans we are all dependent on drugs, whether its drugs that we abuse or drugs that we need psychologically or physiologically. Drugs can either alter a person’s physiological state (coordination, activity level or consciousness), incoming sensations, or mood or emotion (depressants). (IB Chemistry Review, N.D) Drugs are categorized into three different groups: stimulants, depressants and hallucinogens. Stimulants are psychoactive drugs that increase postsynaptic transmissions