Chloroplast

2a. The pigment bacteriorhodopsin is used to generate the absorption spectrum in graph 1. An organism that contains bacteriorhodopsin appears purple because the pigment absorbs light in the green light spectrum and transmits or reflects the light from the violet/red/blue light spectrum. Making it appear purple.The pigment chlorophyll a is used to generate the absorption spectrum in graph 2. An organism that contains chlorophyll a appears green because the pigment absorbs light in either the violet

1. Centrioles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, nucleus. Cell wall, chloroplasts. Lysosomes and centrioles. 2. Nucleus stores genetic info. Golgi apparatus sends from endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Vacuoles stores starch and water. Ribosomes turns genetic info from nucleus into protein. Cytoskeleton is the “skeleton” of the cell, it holds it up and in shape. 3. Paramecium. Doesn’t have a cell wall. 4. The structure is a fluid collage of lipids and proteins. Its function is to protect

Chloroplast Photo Tour A 4 day 3 night tour through the Chloroplast Day 1 8 am: We will meet at the Micro-Adventures Laboratory to be shrunken down and then we will enter the plant cell through the stomata 8:30 am: Take a relaxing boat ride through the stroma to get to the thylakoid membrane 9:30 am: Bathe in the Sun at Photosystem Beach 2 and watch as the other electron bathers get excited 11 am: Get ready to board the train at the PEA Station 11:15 am: Take the train through the Electron Transport

Before the experiment was conducted, a chloroplast solution was created which was comprised of deveined spinach leaves. Deveining the leaves cuts off the supply of food and water that is carried to the leaves and the veins do not carry as much chloroplast compared to the leaves. The leaves were placed under a lamp to absorb any remaining fluids and then added to a blender that had been chilled to slow down respiration of the spinach leaves and enzymatic processes within the spinach leaves that

realized the close resemblance mitochondria, as well as the chloroplasts looked compared to bacteria. Scientists became aware of the similarities at hand and suggested that mitochondria “began from bacteria that lived in permanent symbiosis within the cells” and that chloroplasts eventually “evolved from symbiotic bacteria.” These ideas were the start of the theory that explained how eukaryotic cells came to be. The mitochondria and chloroplasts display similar attributes with bacteria that ultimately

The chloroplasts, distinguished by their green color under microscope, had a flat and circular shape, with a diameter of 4.38 ± 0.53μm. The homogenate was formed from homogenizing the spinach leaves for 1 minute at 800g, 4°C. The purified chloroplasts were formed from centrifuging the homogenate mixture for 5 minutes at 1000g, 4°C. As the centrifugation time increases, the chloroplast, a large cellular organelle, can be removed from suspension.3 This explains why the chloroplast fraction contained

that in the onion cell there were no chloroplasts. There were no chloroplasts in the onion cell because in an onion the cells are used for storing energy not for photosynthesis and it grows under ground so there are no leaves on the physical body of the onion so it is unable to go through photosynthesis. The stem however of the onion has leaves above the ground but they do not serve a purpose after the onion has been picked. The cells, which contain chloroplasts that are located in the stem, are discarded

Plants utilize chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis to produce glucose. Photosynthesis consists of two stages called light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Within the chloroplast, the thylakoid is the site of light reactions. The thylakoid is capable of absorbing light energy and transforming it to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH which will later be used in the Calvin cycle. Pigments located inside the thylakoid allows for the absorption of visible light (Campbell, pg. 191). There are

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are involved in energy transformation, with the former in cellular respiration and the later in photosynthesis. Both organelles have membranes that separate their interiors into compartments. They both have inner membranes (cristae in mitochondria, thylakoid membrane in chloroplast) that have large surface areas with embedded enzymes that carry out their main functions. Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, the metabolic processes that generate

intensity on chloroplast, in Spinacia oleracea, in creating high energy electrons which reduce DCPIP identifying how luminosity effects photosynthesis.. Abstract: Chloroplast were observed to question if high energy electrons are formed and how light intensity affects for photosynthesis. DCPIP (2,6- dichorophenol-indophenol) liberates high energy electrons, from the electron transport chain, that reduce DCPIP from blue (oxidized form) to clear (reduced form). In addition, chloroplasts were exposed