Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activiy Patronag tangible incentivs such as money, political jobs, or an opportunity to get favors from governmen Plurality system An electoral system, used in almot all American elections, in which the winer is the person who gets te most votes, evn if he or she does not receiv a majority of the vote Single member district an electoral ditrict or constituency having a single representative in a legislative body rather than two or

Over the last several decades, American politics scholars have sought to understand the causes of increasing partisanship and polarization in the United States Congress. Since the 1970s, the ideological positions of the two major U.S. parties, the Democratic and Republican parties, have widened (Abramowitz and Saunders, 2008; Levendusky; 2010). This ideological divide also promotes a perception among the American public that Congress has increasingly become ineffective and polarized to a point

Bethel School District v. Fraser 478 U.S. 675, involved the Bethel School District and a student named Matthew Fraser. The case dealt with freedom of speech in public schools. During a student government speech Fraser used inappropriate language that included sexual innuendos in order to nominate a fellow classmate. The speech created a rowdy audience of over 600 students. Fraser argued that the school violated his First Amendment rights when they suspended him for his endorsement of a fellow classmate

in favor of the ruling claim that the federal government was denying the 1st amendment rights of everyone’s political speech. An American Spectator article writes in favor of the court's ruling. Prior to the decision “an individual such as George Soros is free to spend $20 million to promote his favored candidates, but if two or more individuals get together to do the same thing, neither can contribute more than $5,000 to the effort” (Smith). Citizens United was simply fighting for their constitutional

The political campaign environment in the United States changed in 2010 with the allowance of unlimited independent expenditures by outside entities in elections. The courts’ decisions in Citizens United and SpeechNow.org further increases Americans’ concerns regarding an undue influence of money in politics. This, coupled with increasing polarization and congressional gridlock in the U.S. House of Representatives, promotes skepticism of the political process. Polarization and gridlock create

Campaign finance reform is a movement in the United States to help change the involvement of money in American political campaigns (Boundless, 2015). “ Throughout the history of campaign finance reform, three main areas have consistently been the target of regulation: contributions, expenditures, and advertising. Over the years Congress has instituted limits on how much individuals or organizations may contribute to federal campaign committees and political groups, how much campaign committees may

The First and Second Amendments of the United States Constitution On September 25, 1789, The Bill Of Rights was submitted to the states for approval, based on the previous Constitution's insufficient assurances for civil freedom, liberties and justice. Concerned that the Constitution neglected to clearly state the basic civil rights of the citizens of the United States, Anti- Federalists opposed the Articles of Confederations, which gave state governments more authority (“Bill of Rights, n.d.).

This article discusses campaign finance law and its connection to the 2016 election and candidates. The 1971 Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) was the first attempt to regulate campaign finance. It sought to prevent the political corruption the Watergate Scandal had opened America's eyes to. This act required that information about money contributions and its contributors be available. This meant campaign donors could no longer be anonymous. The act also limited the amount of money political action

Branch, Executive Branch, and lastly Judicial Branch. In this outline I am going to talk about the structures, elections and functions and responsibilities of each branch. Each branch is important and does different things to help make the government run smoothly. Legislative Branch (Congress) Legislative means to have the power to make laws. That’s this branches job, to make laws for the United States. This legislative branch contains congress; under congress are the House of Representatives and the

On January 21, 2010, the Supreme Court ruling in the case of Citizens United v Federal Election Commission allowed for corporations and capitalist enterprises to be treated as individuals during an election period. This ruling allows corporations to spend or give an unlimited amount of money in contributions to their party or candidate of choice in any given election. With the loss of corporate financial regulations, our entire political system runs the risk of being corrupted by corporations whose