Gluconeogenesis

blood glucose due to the increase in renal glucose excretion. The mechanism of action of this new class of drugs also offers further glucose control by allowing increased insulin sensitivity and uptake of glucose in the muscle cells, decreased gluconeogenesis and improved first phase insulin release from the beta cells. Drugs in the SGLT2 inhibitors class include empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, ipragliflozin. Dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor recently approved in Europe for the treatment

Normal blood glucose level is around 90mg/100ml[11]. This level can be imbalanced in excess or a deficit, but in a normal functioning body, the levels will return back to normal quickly by influence of the pancreas. The pancreas contains alpha and beta cells that are responsible for secreting glucagon and insulin, respectively[11]. Of interest to the pathophysiology of diabetes, is the role insulin plays in the regulation of blood glucose. When glucose levels in the blood are elevated, insulin

2a) Blood glucose levels are controlled by the liver where glucose is produced and sent out through the body via blood. This glucose is used to produce energy in the form of ATP. When blood glucose levels are low, there is an insufficient amount of glucose available than what the body needs, so glucagon is released. This promotes the production of glucose through amino acids into Acetyl-CoA and then glucose. It is released into the bloodstream and blood glucose levels return back to normal. When

Introduction: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is an emergent metabolic complication especially in type 1 diabetes. DKA is a catabolic state characterized by low-insulin level and bodies’ inability to utilize glucose despite hyperglycemia. DKA and thyrotoxicosis can have overlapping manifestations. Thus, diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis may be delayed in patients presenting with DKA. Hence, a careful clinical assessment of precipitating factors must be performed in all patients with DKA. Case: A 46-year-old

increase an exercises intensity to greater than 50-75% of max effort. The adrenal cortex is responsible for secreting cortisol in response to “stress” or in this case a workout. This hormone stimulates protein breakdown into amino acids for gluconeogenesis in the liver. This increases the plasma glucose levels, giving the body quick energy that it needs. Cortisol also helps maintain the body’s blood

sugar is bad for you and presents this information as facts where it can be proven. “When our cells don’t have enough glucose to do their job they find alternative means by which to get their energy, particularly through either Lipolysis and Gluconeogenesis” (Konie, 2B). This quote explains the health risks that eating too little sugar is bad. It persuades the audience because it gives

Sugar has had an enormous debate on whether it is good or bad for your health. Although sugar can be unhealthy, it has been researched that natural sugars are needed for a person’s diet and overall function for their body. Sugar is an essential that humans need for their body and mental process. Its been told that, “…ditching sugar can destroy metabolism and lead to a weakened immune system, poor digestion, impaired sexual/reproductive function, and accelerated aging.”(Robin Konie). In order for

The three main reasons I believed Ms. Blake is currently bed ridden are; Firstly, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which can cause her to have a lack of energy contributing to her feeling of tiredness and weakness. According to the American Diabetes Association (2017), DKA occurs due to ketones in the body which are released when the body breaks down fats for energy because of a lack of insulin, resulting in symptoms such as a constant feeling of extreme tiredness, difficulty breathing, confusion,

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels over an extended period of time. With symptoms including increased urination, thirst, and hunger, diabetes is mainly due to loss of insulin production in the pancreas or lack of response to insulin produced. As of 2015, nearly 415 million people worldwide have diabetes with the three main types being Type 1, Type 2, and gestational. 90% of all diabetes cases are Type 2 (T2D) which is

This Videocast was from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, it was a presentation from the Great Teacher Grad Rounds. The speaker that delivered the presentation was Dr. Daniel Foster (M.D). He was at the NCCIH for3years but at the time that this presentation was given he was a professor and chairman of the department of Internal Medicine U.T Southwestern Medical Center. His research focuses on intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, focused and discovered Malonyl