Protein biosynthesis

Eukaryotic translation is the mechanism by which mRNA transcribed from DNA is translated into a protein, consisting of three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. The clone that I chose (H2FC2.16) contained an insert with a homolog in C. elegans called eif-3.F (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit F), one of many eukaryotic initiation factors. The ORF sequence name of the C. elegans homolog is D2103.7. Several orthologs of C. elegans eif-3.F exist, Cbr-eif-3.F in C. briggsae

Describe how Bacteria decode its genetic information to produce proteins? Intro(10mins) Bacteria belongs to a group of organism that lacks cell nucleus and membrane bound organells. This group of organisms are termed as prokaryotes. Prokaryotes follows the central dogma of molecular biology first proposed by Francis Crick in 1958 to synthesize proteins from mRNA through a process called translation and the mRNA is being synthesized from the DNA by another process called Transcription.

ABSTRACT: An independently folding RNA G-quadruplex (GQ) forming domain interacts with the 40S ribosomal subunit and determines their binding affinity and function of an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). The interaction begins to shed light to theprovide possible mechanistic role of RNA GQ structures in cap-independent translation initiation. RNA G-quadruplexes (GQ) structures are secondary nucleic acid structures are that can act as both necessary elements of translation and as translation

This discrepancy can be explained by another feature of 22Rv1 cells. In these cells, Tet caused significant and rapid increase in phosphorylation of the initially very low p-eIF2α. It is well known that phosphorylation of eIF2α at Ser51 serves as a switch, which effectively suppresses translation initiation by preventing the functioning of eIF2B, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor [50]. eIF2B facilitates the exchange of GDP for GTP on eIF2 to restore active eIF2·GTP complex, which binds the initiator

Module #12 Chapter 22 Books cited: Becker’s world of the cell: J. Hardin, G. Bertoni, and L. Kleinsmith: 8th edition; pg. 681 & pgs. 685-690 Question #6 from D2L: Describe and explain the process of translation. Include all three major steps. Translation is the modification of language of a mRNA molecule from a nucleotide base sequence to an amino acid sequence. There are three main steps in translation which are: initiation, elongation, and termination. In order for translation to begin, initiation

Metabolism: Biosynthesis and Catabolism Tryptophan is one of the scarcest amino acids found in nature and is fundamental to most proteins found throughout vertebrates. This amino acid is crucial for sufficient growth in infants and to maintain nitrogen balance in adults. The IUPAC name for tryptophan is (2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl) propanoic acid and this amino acid is often abbreviated as “Trp” or “W.” Amino acids are a vital component of living organisms and act as building blocks for proteins. The

The end products of dietary protein digestion are free amino acids which will then enter the protein metabolic pathway. Amino acids are comprised of a carbon backbone attached to an amine group. The first step of amino acid metabolism is to separate the amine group from the carbon backbone. The amino group of the amino acid and the keto group of an alpha-keto acid switch places in a process called Transamination: a reaction catalyzed by ALT, alanine aminotransferase. (Transamination is a reversible

including ADHD, bipolar disorder, clinical depression, and alcoholism. The gene that encodes the DAT protein is located on human chromosome 5, consists of 15 coding exons, and is roughly 64 kbp long. Dopamine biosynthesis Dopamine is an organic molecule that is made up  in the dopaminergic neurons through the expulsion of a carboxyl group from the L-Dopa molecule. Figure 4: The biosynthesis of Dopamine Tyrosine → L-Dopa → Dopamine This chemical functions as a neurotransmitter in nerve cells

has been shown that cryptochromes catalyse the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the course of flavin reoxidation after blue light exposure. Although ROS are themselves important cellular regulators, it has remained unclear whether biosynthesis of ROS contributes to cryptochrome signaling. Here we show by fluorescence imaging techniques that ROS accumulates in the plant nucleus within minutes after cryptochrome activation by blue light, resulting in the activation of ROS regulated genes

Task 3: Protein Synthesis: • Protein biosynthesis is the biochemical process, in which proteins are synthesized from simple amino acids within several steps with the aid of information stored within the sequence of DNA. DNA is located within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells contain sections known as genes which carry the genetic code required in order to manufacture proteins. During the process of protein synthesis mRNA or as it is also known messenger RNA is able to construct a complementary strand