Spinal cord injury

INTRODUCTION The spinal cord is a major channel in the body where motor and sensory information travels from the brain to the body. It has white matter that surrounds a central gray matter. The gray matter is where most of the neuronal cells are located. Injury to the spinal cord will affect the conduction of information across any part of the spinal cord where the damage is located (Maynard et al., 1997). This will often result in permanent disability of a certain muscle or region of the

Spinal cord injuries can be extremely debilitating with significant impairment in autonomic, sensory, and motor function (Coll-Miro et al., 2016). The prevalence in Canada is on the rise with approximately 86,000 individuals suffering from such injuries as of 2010 (Noonan et al., 2012). Spinal cord injuries are generally classified as either traumatic or non-traumatic, depending on etiology (Sabapathy et al., 2015). In addition, they are subdivided into either complete or incomplete, depending on

Spinal cord injuries result from a fracture or dislocation of the vertebrae that is typically due to a sudden, forceful blow to the spine (“NINDS Spinal Cord Injury Information Page”, 2016). According to Early (2006), A traumatic accident, such as a shooting, stabbing, car accident, or diving accident, may result in a spinal cord injury (p. 535). According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2016), Damage to the spinal tissue results from displaced or shards of vertebral

Bladder Management for Spinal Cord Injury Patients In the United States alone, there are approximately 12,000 new spinal cord injury cases each year (The National SCI Statistical Center [NSCISC], 2013). The severity of the patient’s injuries depends on how severe the spinal cord injury is, and where it is located at on the spinal column. If the spinal cord injury is complete, it renders the patient paralyzed below the injury. If the spinal cord injury is incomplete, the patient may have some movement

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can be dated back to the Egyptains, “who described it as an ailment not to be treated” (Sarhan, Saif, & Saif, 2012 p .319). SCI victims had no hope for a normalized future and were confined to wheelchairs and experienced poor survival rates because of the demands of care. Advancements in emergency care and rehabilitation practices increase neurological function to the spine which has increased the SCI victim’s changes of survival and return to normal locomotion. The spinal

Approximately 7,800 people suffer from a new spinal cord injury every year in the United States. Eighty-two percent of spinal cord injuries happen to males. The age group most at risk for spinal cord injury is 16-30 years old. Fifteen percent of spinal cord injuries are a result of violence, forty-eight percent result from motor vehicle accidents, and twenty-one percent result from falls. Suffering a spinal cord injury can result in a complete change in lifestyle. It can affect relationships, ability

Literature Review: Spinal cord injuries can be devastating leading to quadriplegia and even requiring that a patient be on a respirator and feeding tube. The incidence of survived injuries in the US is estimated at about 276,000. Less than 1% of patients with cervical spinal cord injuries will leave a hospital with full neurological recovery. Spinal cord injuries also prevent victims from working. After ten years post-injury only 28% of patients are employed. These injuries lead to necrosis at

Spinal Cord Injury Spinal cord injury is a serious problem that effects close to 250,000 people in the United States with 10,000 people being injured per year . There are many things that can lead to spinal cord injury, including athletic injuries, car accidents, and recreational activities like swimming and biking. It primarily effects those between the ages of 16 and 30 and drastically effects the rest of their lives. It is a very debilitating injury that requires extensive medical care, often

Spinal cord compression/injury Definition Spinal cord injuries are fractures or dislocations to the vertebrae. Spinal cord injuries can be classified as either complete or incomplete. Complete means that spinal cord can no longer send messages below the injured area resulting in paralysis. With incomplete spinal cord injuries there is still some movement and sensation below the injured area. Spinal cord injuries can be caused for many reason including but not limited to: hyperflexion, hyperextension

Most spinal cord injuries are hard to treat due to the fragility of the vertebrae as a whole. Although; if left untreated, spinal cord injuries could affect motor and nerve control and function (Zhao et.al 2016). Stem injections are now commonly used as a type of rehabilitative medicine for injuries like those in the spine. This is because stem cells can take form of other specified cells it becomes exposed to. Once injected into the area of the injury, the cells are able to replicate and serve to