Sulfuric acid

substitution reactions are irreversible but sulfonation is an exception. Treatment of benzene with "oleum" (a solution of SO3 in concentrated sulfuric acid) will give the sulfonic acid, the electrophilic species being sulfur trioxide which is Lewis acidic. Fig – 1 Sulphonation : Benzene equation The sulfonic acid can be converted back by treatment with hot aqueous acid. The reason for this reversibility is the fact that the Wheland intermediate is overall neutral and therefore more stable than other, positively

reactants need to be present before continuing to the next reaction or next step. In this experiment, copper was changed through eight different reactions. Throughout the process, qualitative observations were recorded to see what effect each type of acid and decanting has on copper. All of these steps were successfully completed by using different acidic solutions and zinc to take copper through the cycle from copper solid to copper nitrate to copper hydroxide, to copper oxide, to copper II sulfate

Fossil Fuel – Coal Energy has been used for transports, cooking, lighting, running a machine and many other different ways. Most of the energy that humans use is fossil fuel and fossil fuel included coal, oil and natural gas. Coal is the deposits from plants that have been buried in the ground and undergone some complicated chemical changes to slowly form that solid combustible minerals. The vegetation has been compressed by the layers of rock for a millions of years to form coal so it’s non-renewable

of 6 moles of HCl. After information was documented, a new test tube was obtained and an inch copper wire was placed inside. Then, 1 mL of concentrated nitric acid, HNO3, was added and observations were noted. After that, 1 mL of 0.1 mole of Sodium Oxalate was placed in a clean test tube. An addition of 10 drops of 6 moles of Sulfuric acid was mixed in. Afterwards, 1-2 drops of 0.1 mole of KMnO4 was added in and stirred. Information was recorded on data. Then, a 3 mL of 0.1 mole of sodium hydroxide

“Pitter-Patter” you hear the rain start to pour and you wonder what that sound is. It sounds like the ground in sizzling. You look down and notice that the rain is sulfuric acid rain. Ray Bradbury was an American fantasy and horror author who rejected being categorized as a science fiction author, claiming that his work was based on the fantastical and unreal. In the short story, “All Summer in a Day” by Ray Bradbury, the planet Venus is being swamped by storms of rain and thunder, never ceasing

Introduction: “In 2015, the United States generated about 4 trillion kilowatthours of electricity.1 About 67% of the electricity generated was from fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum)” (What). This shocked me to hear that statistic. I was aware that the United States does a lot of fossil fuel burning; however, I did not know that we are so reliant on it. The website later said that coal alone is responsible for 33% of the electricity generated in the United States. Coal has always intrigued

The Environmental Protection Agency queues in on and monitors six criteria pollutants that enter the atmosphere and can be potentially dangerous to humans. These pollutants “pose especially great threats to human health,” (Withcott & Laposata, 2012, p. 283). They are carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), tropospheric ozone (O3), particulate matter, and lead (Pb). As mentioned each pose grave threats to humans. The measurement of tropospheric ozone routinely surpasses

Finding the concentration of an unknown sample of copper sulphate using colorimetry. In this task the concentration of an unknown sample of copper sulphate using colorimetry was used to find the concentration. In this investigation copper sulphate was used which is CuSO4.5H20 as a formula. To make a standard solution which was 1M, the same clean equipment was used to make up the standard solution as used to make sodium carbonate. However there was one difference and that was that the hot distilled

distributed side groups are versatile and therefore help give the desired physical and chemical properties. Properties Of The Primer Layer Amine groups in chains mean that ionic groups are produced when in contact with acid. This makes the polymer soluble in water. When a car is immersed in the primer (containing the ionic polymer and rest of paint) an electrolysis cell is made (car body is cathode). The polymer then becomes electrically neutral and therefore

reacts with sulfur and it makes a compound that is used for organic chemicals. Then when the chemicals are sent to a factory they’ll be turned into organic chemicals. After that the chemists will get it back. It’s a cycle of phosphorus. Phosphoric acid and phosphate rock put together