12th Five Year Plan

But having a budget is a good step in the right direction. Continuous reexamination is necessary to keep the budget on track. A potential reform for the federal budget is the switch from a short-term budget perspective to a long-term perspective (Budget & Projections, 2015, p. 1). This switch can be beneficial for several reasons. The main beneficial reason is having a greater outlook. Having a greater outlook on future budgetary effects can help policymakers make better-informed decisions in regards to the federal budget. Another potential reform for the budget is to commit and concentrate on spending control. In order to reduce the debt, spending must be under control. A good policy must be in place to ensure the control on spending is a continuous effort by the

A fiscal deficit is when a government's total expenditures exceed the tax revenues that it generates. A budget deficit can be cut by either reducing public expenditure or raising taxes. In this essay, I am going to analyse the benefits and costs of increasing tax rates to reduce fiscal deficits instead of cutting government expenditure.

Looking back over the past ten years and most especially the past three years for investment returns and economic possibilities, there seems to be more growth in the past 24 months than what we have seen in over a decade. The rapidly changing international economic climate and the current government struggles with tax based polices and the continued climbing US

The growing national deficit is a looming problem in the United States now more than ever. The national debt is constantly increasing and government spending is out of control. If these issues are not solved then they could spell disaster for the nation’s economy when the infamous debt ceiling is finally reached. Currently the national policy on the debt is to continue raising the debt limit until a solution is found that is agreeable between both parties in Congress. The two main issues of over spending and the constant raising of the debts ceiling by Congress can both be resolved by government spending reform, balancing the federal budget and initiating pro-growth policies in order to increase the government’s tax revenue.

Economically there are many challenges we face as a country with our current fiscal policies. Since the 2008 financial crisis, there have been many debates in regards to how we should go about managing our financial system. Unfortunately, we as team believe that in order for us to stabilize our nation financial issues we are going to have to make restrictions in certain channels, which might affecting our way of life. One area needing attention is government spending and how it has to be reduced, and this would have a ripple effect in certain areas. Our elected officials will have to come to a compromise and determine which sectors are costly and can be reduced.

Over the four years from 2009-10 to 2012-2013, Labor had met its fiscal rule of keeping the average spending growth rate to less than 2% a year (Musgrave, R. A. n.d). This was the lowest period of spending growth in 23 years, meaning that not enough money was being injected into the circular flow of income. This reduced aggregate demand as consumer spending was low. In order to ensure that key spending was sustainable, structural improvements were required for the 2014-15 Budget. Overall, the Labor government has left a disastrous legacy of high debt for the Liberal government to try and overcome.

The UK coalition government started their fiscal consolidation (concentrates on reducing government deficits and debt accumulation, i.e. national debt) towards the end of 2010 when the Labour government’s fiscal stimulus package was abandoned. The first act by the newly appointed coalition government was to cut spending and to increase indirect taxes, which involved increasing the main rate of VAT from 17.5% to 20% from the beginning of 2011. However, increasing tax and reducing government spending have advantages and disadvantages.

We have a long story of debt, but it seems no one has been able to make it better. If the debt is increasing over time, the government has a budget deficit. Charles C. Turner, et al, defines the deficit as spending that exceed a revenue (482). In history, basic deficit or debt was usually from over spending from a war and economic issues like a recession or depression. Then the government had a budget deficit almost every year “between 1970 and 1997,” but the tax cut and more spending on defense by President Reagan in 1981 added more growth to the deficit. Also, another cause is from reducing of productivity seem in the GDP and lower tax rate (tax cut) (483). Even when the government had some budget surplus, still, it could not cover the debt. In 2012, the debt grew “over $ 16 trillion,” (482-483) and has increased more in recent year plus “2.9 percent” of the budget deficit in 2016 (The 2016 Long Term Budget Outlook, 2). To manage the economic depression, sometime policymakers cut the taxes and increase spending again by putting more money into the private sectors (Turner, 483); therefore, government goes further with the budget unbalancing. There are several reasons that lower the tax rate will not reduce the budget deficit closer to a balance.

Fiscal policies, if used efficiently, can be extremely effective and helpful to the economy. However, many pros and cons are tied to this method. Firstly, fiscal policies can be effective because they can focus spending to precise purposes.1 Therefore, the money that the government spends can be used on the things that would benefit the economy the most. Additionally, the government can reduce negative externalities with the use of taxes.1 An example of this would be taxing things that have a negative impact on the environment, such as companies producing an immense amount of pollution.1 Additionally, the government can also tax companies that are using too much of a limited resource.1 By doing this, the government not only can use the money gained from taxing to help the economy, but they would be reducing externalities such as these in order to help the country. Lastly, the effects of a fiscal period are much more immediate and quicker in comparison to a monetary policy,1 This means that the recessionary

The United State of America has increasingly taken on debt in an effort to bounce back from a string of financial deficits. The recent debt hikes can be linked to both Presidents Bush’s tax cuts and President Obama’s Stimulus package. The presidents have caught much of the brunt of negative public opinion. One must consider the fact that congress expects the president to enact their budget reforms while simultaneously reducing the amount of

Increasing research and development can contribute to innovation and sustainability of business globally and in the U.S. in many ways. Increasing R&D companies can stay ahead of

The tax policy that have been implemented need to be financed in order to ensure stability in the country. It is evident if the tax cut is made to be permanent, there is need to ensure that government spending is reduced significantly in the market. An example is 2014 whereby the government has to reduce the social

We have a long story of debt, but it seems no one has been able to make it better. If the debt is increasing over time, the government has a budget deficit. Charles C. Turner, et al, define deficit as spending that exceed revenue (482). In history, basic deficit or debt was usually from over spending from a war and economic issues like a recession or depression. Then the government had a budget deficit almost every year “between 1970 and 1997,” but tax cut and more spending on defense by President Reagan in 1981 added more growth to the deficit. Also, another cause is from reducing of productivity seem in the GDP and lower tax rate (tax cut) (483). Even when the government had some budget surplus, still, it could not cover the debt. In 2012, the debt grew “over $ 16 trillion,” (482-483) and has increased more in recent year plus 2.9 percent of budget deficit in 2016 (The 2016 Long Term Budget Outlook, 2). To manage the economic depression, sometime policymakers cut the taxes and increase spending again by putting more money into private sectors (Turner, 483); therefore, government goes further with the budget unbalancing. There are several reasons that lower tax rate will not reduce the budget deficit closer to a balance.

Fiscal sustainability is another public policy goal to overburden monetary policy. The gross and net debt/GDP ratios in the United States, the United Kingdom, the euro area and Japan show these four economies face the fiscal challenges. But there is larger problem which the governments have not yet change their spending and taxing. The political inconformity cause they are difficult to accept a sensible long run plan which can make the long run fiscal sustainability and short run growth at same time. So in this condition, many governments

Companies live and breathe innovation; or, at the terribly least, notice it basic to their success. Such companies are those that others ought to emulate for they recognize that to do business, as Peter Drucker prompt in an exceedingly recent Harvard Business review article, “Every firm—not simply businesses—needs one core competence: innovation.”