A Brief Note On The World Health Organization

Over a billion people, about 15% of the world's population, have some form of disability (“Disability and Health”). Many of them have unmet needs and little access to health care. Although there is limited access to health care for individuals with disabilities, there are a number of organizations to meet their healthcare needs.

Disability is a definition of a physical or mental condition which impacts on a person’s movements, activities and senses. People with disabilities were informed of bias and disadvantages compared to an ordinary person. There are many biases and prejudices contributed to the discrimination of individuals with a disability. Partly because of social connotations the disabled people are useless, cannot work. In fact, these extraordinary people always bring and do incredible things. They not only overcome their grim fate, but also bring good things to life, especially those who are perfectly considering better than an ordinary person, they are not aware of the capacity of individuals disabilities with them characteristics such as loyalty, dedication, and hard work.

Physical disability culture should be considered as a culture itself along with race, gender, ethnicity, and sexuality. Disability culture, includes behaviors, beliefs, and ways of living, that are unique to persons affected by disability. Here in the United States, non-disabled individuals typically view disability culture as primarily social and political in nature, whereas academic communities view disability culture from predominantly historical perspectives (Peters, 2014). In some countries, people with disabilities are still segregated and lack access to education. In the United States, many individuals with disabilities battle discrimination in terms of employment, housing, education, and access to public buildings and services. As do individuals from many other cultures, persons with disabilities share a common bond of experiences and resilience (Darrow, 2013).

The World Health Organization (WHO) has created an agenda for 2030. Within this agenda there are seventeen sustainable developmental goals (SDG) that aim to transform our world. These goals are to be met through numerous different means, government policies, public change, non-government organizations (NGO) and a variety of other ways. NGO’s are a large way to help meet these goals and impact the world for the better. LRBT, an NGO that focuses on eye care for those who live in Pakistan, focuses on meeting the goal ensuring healthy lives and wellbeing for all at all ages (United nations SDG, reference). Ensuring eye care for the residents of Pakistan not only provides them with care they should be subject too always, but

Formerly, persons with disabilities were kept private and out of public view. In recent years, the number of people living with disabilities has increased due to longer life expectancy and advancement of medical treatments for life-threatening illness. With the transition of persons with a disabilities into more conventional lifestyles, they are now thriving in society. Disabled persons can be increasingly independent through an assisting device such a cane or wheelchair, though cultural barriers still exist between disabled and able-bodied persons.

Disability has been a difficult topic of society for years. Many people find discomfort in the presence of the disabled and many feel pity for those who are disabled. Back in the 1800s, the disabled were perceived as unable to contribute to society, often forced to undergo sterilization, and forced into institutions and asylums (“A Brief History”). In fact, this treatment of the disabled and mentally ill has been persistent until somewhat recently, when the Civil Rights movement took place, and those with disabilities decided to take a stand for their rights. Although people with disabilities continue to face difficulties in finding jobs, legitimizing their opinion, having the right to vote, and choosing whether or not they receive or refuse

The society, despite its current level of development, violates the rights of persons with disabilities, when it is led by prejudices, when it denies employment and study opportunities to an individual with a disability or when building inaccessible buildings. But accessibility must also occur in all areas available to anyone: health, education, work, culture; Sports, leisure, and recreation, technology, media,

Local public health programs are available in most cities around the United States to assist in identifying the needs of the disabled person. These health programs have practical strategies and recommendation to successful integration, including tools and materials for the disabled population, and can provide relevant information from partners to promote health in the disabled persons. (Tips and Strategies for Successsful Integration of People with Disabilities into Local Public Health Promotion Programs,

The amount of people who live with disabilities is a controversial number. Depending on what law and diagnostic tools used, a person may have a visible disability, or one that may lie beneath the surface of his or her appearance. Some people believe that the term “disability” is merely a label use to hold back, or prescribe helplessness. Meanwhile, individuals who have been properly diagnosed with disabilities struggle to maintain respect and acceptance every day. In plain language, there is a lot of misunderstanding between people with disabilities and those without. It is firstly important to get everyone on the same page regarding the definition of disability.

Health promotion has been defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and to improve it. This process requires personal participation and supportive environments. For people with disabilities, however, personal participation is often limited by non-supportive environments. Lack of knowledge on how to modify programs to meet specific needs, poor attitudes, and unfriendly environments often creates insurmountable barriers to participation for many people with disabilities. While innovative medical technology has increased the life span of individuals with disabilities, little attention has focused on improving their health span. The reportedly high incidence of chronic secondary conditions seen in persons

Historically, people with disabilities were seen as being unable to contribute to society and therefore were viewed as being dependent on others for care. The dependency that was created resulted in persons with disabilities being seen as unhealthy and defective (Neuhaus et al, 2014). In effort to care for people with disabilities, agencies such as Anixter have confined people with disabilities to buildings and kept them from becoming participating citizens in their natural communities.

Disability in a socio-cultural context can be defined as "a barrier to participation of people with impairments or chronic illnesses arising from an interaction of the impairment or illness with discriminatory attitudes, cultures, policies or institutional practices" (Booth, 2000). The traditional view of disability often focuses on the individual, highlighting incapacities or failings, a defect, or impairment. This focus creates obstacles to participation on equal terms since an individual who seems to lack certain capacities may not be able to attain autonomy.

However, the disability culture doesn’t just stop in American society, it extends all over the world and into different communities. It is also where people are born and raised and the resources available to them in their environments that helps constitute whether families can help support their members with disabilities or if they can even find those kinship ties within their communities. Some parts of the world don’t have as strong of a disability community so often times it can be very difficult for those with a disability to find someone who has lived through similar struggles. The location of the person with the disability has a big impact on whether their family will be able to support them emotionally, mentally, and physically. For example, in America, there has been an evolution over the past decades of how society views those with disabilities. We went from the establishment of “ugly laws” to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, where those with disbailities need to be given equal opportunities and cannot be discriminated against. However, in other countries they don’t have the same amount of resources or community support as the U.S. so it can become much more difficult for those within the disability community to find support from their family or each other. And the concept goes further to the culture in which people have grown up in, in China or India the presence or absence of disability in constructed by broader notions of kinship and radically different epistemologies from those used in the West” (Adams et al., 83). In some places a disability, depending on the conditions, can be seen as a gift from God or in other instances and cultures as a

All they want is to take part of society as a normal individual. The disability-movement has fought for the disabilities rights throughout the years and has achieved goals such as accommodation of architectural infrastructures to serve better people who are physical impairments. The public policies have been great accomplishments because it has helped people with disabilities to be part of society. The disability-movement points out the healthcare finance policies have taken freedom away from the disability community, “ Health-care financing policies force disabled people into Institutions and nursing homes rather than funding independent living. Income-maintenance and public health-insurance policies include “disincentives” that penalize disabled individuals for trying to work productively.”(p.4). The government has done a great job on protecting disabled individuals’ rights. However, the health-care system has isolated this group even more by restricting the level of productivity that they have within the system, as a result this medical model marginalizes this group of people and this program available for this community does not fully address their issues.

Worldwide more than 1 billion people are living with disabilities, which means that an estimated 15% of the world population have some kind of disability [1]. Overall, 80% of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) live in developing countries, where resources are scarce and services less accessible. In Indonesia, an estimated 10% to 15% of the population is living with disabilities according to the data of Riskedas 2007 (riskedas?? source. Although the data vary widely based on different data source and criteria to define disability [2]. In all the data source the prevalence was higher in rural compare to urban regions and higher in women compare to men.