Unique Shrestha
Dr. Daniel Byrne
American History
9 April 2016
Paper 8
World War II
In January 6, 1941, President Roosevelt spoke about the “essential human freedoms”: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom of want, and freedom from fear (Foner, 904). By the end of the war, the new immigrant groups were accepted as loyal ethnic Americans, rather than members of distinct and inferior “races” (Foner, 904). In addition, the contradiction between the principle of equal freedom and the actual status of blacks had come to the forefront of national life. Though minorities and women were discriminated in many ways, most of them got equal rights because of the war.
During the war, many women were encouraged to go to work. The nation
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The government dedicated towards the ideals of Four Freedoms and the principle that all races, religions, and national origins could enjoy those freedoms equally. The enemy’s philosophy was racism. However, Americanism rested on toleration of diversity and equality for Americans. By the end of the war, the new immigrant groups were fully accepted as loyal ethnic Americans.
World War II created a vast “melting pot” for European immigrants and their children (Foner, 926). While people were moving into the army and industrial plants, Americans encountered people of various backgrounds. There was feeling of “patriotic assimilations” unlike the forced Americanization of World War I (Foner, 926). Roosevelt tried to show that diversified society is the source of harmony that is the form of pluralism. Government and private agencies also promoted equality as a counterpoint of Nazism and as the definition of Americanism. Furthermore, Hollywood portrayed fighting units representing various religious, ethnic, and regional background. During the war, the Italian-Americans were no longer called Italian rather they were called Americans only. However, the Harlem race riot of 1943 led patriotic assimilation stopped at the color line (Foner, 927).
As the war had a far more vague meaning for non-white groups compared to white groups. Among them, Mexican American were also categorized as minorities
In the mist of the countries involvement in one of the most grueling wars in history new barriers were broken to make room for an equal America. Although true equality was not reached, these short four years would lead to the turning point in American acceptance toward diversity, both in and out of the work place. The movement of thousands of men overseas create a substantial gap in the work place, creating a never before seen chance for women, Blacks, and immigrants to flood the many war based jobs. At the same time, the Japanese faced radical discrimination for the events in which provoked the United States entry in to the War. In the years incasing WWII opportunity opened to those who had been affected hardest but
I believe that World War II was a continuation of World War I because of some not resolved issues. Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by expanding the military and invading Poland. One of the events that led to the beginning of World War 1 was: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism; which stands for MAIN. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia but they then joined up with Russia. After, Germany declared war on Russia which caused the war to expand. World War I ended in 1918 when Germany surrendered. It also had a great impact on European countries after it ended.
American minorities made up a significant amount of America’s population in the 1920s and 1930s, estimated to be around 11.9 million people, according to . However, even with all those people, there still was harsh segregation going on. Caucasians made African-Americans work for them as slaves, farmers, babysitters, and many other things in that line. Then when World War II came, “World War II required the reunification and mobilization of Americans as never before” (Module2). They needed to cooperate on many things, even if they didn’t want to. These minorities mainly refer to African, Asian, and Mexican-Americans. They all suffered much pain as they were treated as if they weren’t even human beings. They were separated, looked down upon,
During World War II, Latinos in American neighborhoods were subject to inequality, prejudice, and exploitation even though they sacrificed so much for the country. During World War II, East Los Angeles was going through the racial tensions between Anglo sailors, marines and resident Latinos called the Zoot Suit Riots. In document N, it shows a set of photos taken during these Zoot Suit Riots and it shows several teenage boys being stripped of their clothes by the police. It also shows many Anglo sailors with bats and sticks in which they used to attack anyone who was wearing a zoot suit. The tension was all caused because Many sailors and marines would pass through Latino communities where confrontations between them and Latinos wearing Zoot
During the WWII era minority groups experienced some positive and negative economic changes. Before the war, the people in the United States had to experience the Great Depression. This was a time of poverty, starvation, and ultimate hardships. During the war,
Double Victory: Multicultural History of America in World War 11”, is a book written by Ronald Takaki was published in the early 2000s. Double Victory shows the wartime responses from many ethnic backgrounds as well as the war at home against racism and the war abroad against fascism. Takaki also shows the roles of; African-Americans, Native-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and Asian-Americans, during the war and the sacrifices made for their country. In Double Victory, Takaki introduces different revisionist arguments that I will be discussing in this essay along with the connection it has to previous knowledge of the World War II era, and the relation it has to the understanding of the expansion and contraction of citizenship and equality throughout history.
As defense enterprises developed and numerous specialists went off to war, businesses experienced intense work deficiencies. Women and African Americans entered the work industry in expansive numbers to address these deficiencies, and interim specialists from Mexico, or braceros, through the Bracero Program, a 1942 work assertion between the United States and Mexico. A standout amongst the most genuine occurrences of segregation happened amid World War II in the Zoot-Suit Riots of Los Angeles. The incident got its name from the kind of attire, known as a "zoot suit," worn by numerous youthful Mexican Americans of the mid 1940s. In the mid year of 1943, a question between a Mexican American and an Anglo emitted into across the board revolting. Serving or working abroad, or moving to an extensive city extended the skylines of an era of Mexican Americans. In the same way as other African Americans, they had yielded for their embraced nation, they started to need a greater amount of the American Dream: better training, better occupations, and a conclusion to bigotry and separation. They viewed themselves as Americans and needed their full social liberties. Numerous chose to change the framework in which they were raised. The end of the war additionally brought into being the "G.I. Charge." This demonstration gave veterans with chances to work, secondary school and school instruction, occupation preparing, and assets for obtaining homes and disaster protection. Numerous Mexican
The second world war had a clear division between its natural born citizens and its immigrant population. The most impacted citizens were those of Japanese descent. Due to the attacks on Pearl Harbor, many held reservations about those with Japanese descent and the fear continued to mount when the “FBI singled out community leaders, religious leaders, educators” (Kessler, 2005). Shortly afterward those of Japanese descent were forced to move to internment camps where they have quarantined away from the rest of society for the potential threat they had posed. Even when Japanese-Americans could serve in the military the division between blacks and whites had persisted. The 442nd division, a division composed of those of Japanese descent, had been sent down for training in Camp Shelby the color lines of Jim Crow counted Japanese among the ‘white’ rather than that of ‘colored’ (Discussion Section 7 Notes). The internment of those of Japanese descent is also a restriction of civil liberties, in the case of Korematsu v. United States had upheld “wartime evacuation was legal” and in a similar case “it was legal for the government, in wartime, to impose an evening curfew on a group of people defined by their ethnicity” (Brown & Shannon). During WWII it was legal for the government to limit the rights and detain citizens and immigrant for having ties to
During World War II, minority race in America contributed to the war and joined the army. Their efforts in economy and labor force are obvious; however, society did not show much respect on their effort. Therefore, different race group had spoke publicly to challenge racism and discrimination in society. Such action had also caught to attention the of the United States government and decided to take progress on civil rights movement. It has not benefit citizens in the States, but proven United States of America as a country who make their promise to the world.
World War II was a war for democracy that brought the nation out of the Great Depression, but it was also a war that exposed the dark side of Americans, which made them resemble their enemies. This is evidenced by the American decision to use the atomic bomb to cause the destruction described by Hersey, and Churchill and Kennan’s portrayal of the Russians as “other.” Ngai discusses the challenges Mexican and Japanese immigrants faced at the time, and the inherent racism behind these challenges. Around the mid-twentieth century, America started importing braceros, \ to satisfy labor demands, and to limit wetbacks. Many joined the bracero program because it offered high wages, but broke their contracts when they faced mistreatment and illegal
The thoughts about World War II from non-minority citizens in America transpired into the label of a “good war” due to the heroic actions taken by our servicemen who fought to protect the “four essential human freedoms: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of every person to worship God in his own way, freedom of want, and freedom of fear” as referenced to in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Third Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union (par.77-80). In addition, at first glance, there were multiple accomplishments due to the war, such as: pulling our country’s economy out of the Great Depression due to our involvement in the war, creating new technologies for the future generations to improve upon, and being victorious as a result. Although these remained noteworthy accomplishments, the US contradicted their actions. Additionally, the US fought for the privileges of minorities in various countries; however, did not uphold the equal privileges of the minorities in their own country. In conclusion, World War II does not deserve the title the “good war” due to the political, economic, and social impacts on the minorities during this war.
The Second World War transformed the United States in several different ways. Over twelve million Americans will serve in the military, women will work in positions previously held by men in defense factories, along with blacks and whites working side-by-side in the military and war jobs, and the mass movements of the population throughout the country to find high paying defense job. Beth Bailey and David Farber’s book, The First Strange Place: Race and Sex in World War II Hawaii discusses the “cultural contact” between Americans. Men and women who are joined by common nationality, but are “divided by other identities – those of region, religion, gender, class, of race and ethnicity.”
During WWII, African Americans grew sentiment against war and discrimination, so they created NAACP and CORE (congress on racial equality). In Birmingham, police beating and homicide in 1941 reignited battle against police brutality. The “Red Summer” of 1943 began when a Black army private defended a Black woman from a policeman. The murder of the private sparked the riot in Harlem that resulted in 6 dead, 550 arrested, and 1450 stores damaged or burned to the ground (Kelly pg 26). In addition, the Japanese community almost disappeared when they were removed for “public safety” from L.A homes to internment camps in 1942. This forced them to sell their properties under the market price (Pagán pg 12). Rufus von KleinSmid, a respectable figure in L.A but supporter of eugenics was the person to propose internment
As new political ideologies took hold in Italy, Germany, and in Japan, such as fascism, Nazism and totalitarianism, respectively, in the late 1930’s, tension grew and pushed for a world war. England and other allies began to take a foothold in defense against the regimes, however, the Americans remained powerfully neutral. The appeal to neutrality immediately lost heart when the attack on Pearl Harbor catapulted America into the fight. This war, known as WWII, would significantly impact and change Americans’ everyday lives through their collective involvement in the United States’ mobilization for war, as well as their ideals through the restriction of Japanese-Americans’ rights in internment camps.
Visible difference is very important if one is to discriminate against another race or religious group. In the history of the United States of America, a person’s physical features are an important factor in the ways others are treated. For example, in 1942, the United States began taking precautions for purposes of WWII. The enemy consisted of Germans, Italians, and Japanese forces. President Roosevelt signed an executive order 9066 that noted “any designated Commander deems such action necessary or desirable, to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded” (E.O. 9066 Roosevelt). The U.S. began arresting those of the opposing forces decent and assigned them to Internment camps. However, only very small numbers of Germans and Italians were interned and the Japanese became the massive target for the internment camps with serval thousands incarcerated. Japanese Americans became sought after victims simply because, they looked different. Germans and Italians were not seen as much of a threat as the Japanese were, because they looked the same as any other European American.