A Comparative Review of Management Accounting in Public and Private Sectors

Globalisation is not new. Australia has been involved in trade, investment, financial flows, technology transfers and the migration of labour since its foundation as a colony. What has changed is the size, direction and influence of these transfers, especially since 1980. There are a number of factors that have aided this transformation. They include:

Globalisation is not new. Australia has been involved in trade, investment, financial flows, technology transfers and the migration of labour since its foundation as a colony. What has changed is the size, direction and influence of these transfers, especially since 1980. There are a number of factors that have aided this transformation. They include:

A process known as globalisation links different countries around the world together through different ways such as trade, investment, migration, internet, social media etc. Global trading is a major aspect of globalisation where different countries import and export goods and services with other countries. Globalisation has significantly changed over the past 30 years. Economies of scale has led to an increase in the production of goods, thus, created the need for expansion of markets beyond domestic boundaries. In addition to merchandise, various types of services are rendered to customers globally. This includes IT support, tourism, financial services etc. Globalisation has led to an upsurge in trade, multinational corporations, greater dependence on global economy, and easier movement of capital, goods and services and

The effects of Globalisation on Australia can be disseminated into a number of different categories. For the purposes of this report five major categories including Economic, Social, Cultural, Environmental and Political have been explored and summarised but is by no means exhaustive.

Globalisation is the growing economic interdependence among nations as reflected in increasing actual movements across nations of trade, investment, technology, finance and labour, with the capacity to move and the potential movement across the nations with those five elements. Australia has been involved in trade, investment, financial flows, technology transfers and the migration of labour since its foundation as a colony. The impact of globalisation has changed the structure of Australia’s trade, with considerable growth in manufacturing and service industries, with limited growth in the rural sector. The car manufacturing industry in Australia had high levels of protection in motor vehicles, with an effective rate of protection in

Globalisation is the developing economic interdependence among nations reflected in increasing actual movements across nations of trade, investment, technology, finance and labour, with the ability to move and the potential movement across nations with those five elements. Australia’s involvement in trade, investment, financial flows, technology transfers and the migration of labour since its foundation as a colony, has impacted and changed the structure of Australia’s trade, with considerable growth in manufacturing and service industries, with limited growth in the rural sector. The car manufacturing industry in Australia had high levels of protection in motor vehicles, with an effective rate of protection, in excess of 200% and 57.5%

The Changes in Global Economy There are a number of aspects to globalisation that have led to the greater interconnection between economies; improvement in technology, communication and information flow, as well as increased trade, investment and capital flows. Improvements in transport have made it easier for people to live, study, travel and work abroad. As the effects of globalisation have increased, so has Australia’s integration with the world economy. Australia’s prosperity is more connected than ever to developments in the global economy. Our trade with the world is equivalent to 41 per cent of our GDP (Trade and Investment, Australia's Economic Diplomacy, 2017)

Australian – British relations are one of the closest international relationships in existence, marked by culture, institutions and language, Australia have a few interconnection with England by military, tourism, migration, economic, sports, culture, science and engineer. Firstly, Globalisation is acting an important role between Australia and England, however what is globalisation? Globalization is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. Globalization has increased the production of goods and services.

Much discussion has been conducted on the topic of globalisation of the world of economy. Globalisation may be defined as the increasing economic and financial integration of economies on a global scale. Factors enabling globalisation include the change in technology which is the socialised knowledge of producing goods and services, as well as the reduction in the protection of the world economy such as the successive reduction in trade barriers since the Second World War. Consequences that arise as a result of Globalisation are known to be both positive and negative. One consequence faced by Australian businesses and industries is the aggravation of unemployment. Another is competition, in which demand and supply are balanced out by a regulatory function when businesses challenge each other by offering the best price, quality and service of their ability. A change in technology has been a main facilitator and driving force of most of the globalisation processes. Improvements in the capacity to produce have been made applicable through technology. The spread and speed of knowledge transfer and communication have increased, meaning that Australian businesses are able to market products at a cheaper price and be exposed to a global market to compete. This is because it is a requirement for producing goods such as clothes and cars, as well as services such as banking and security. Technologically, most

‘Globalization: What’s new? What’s not? (And so what)’, portrays the speed in which globalism has increased through many different factors; economically, military, environmentally and socially. This is an idealist analytic approach, not set in stone. This leads on to

Globalisation can be defined as the movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration by countries and their populations globally. It is a constant process and it has resulted in the intertwining and generalisation of the needs and wants of people

"Management accounting is a profession that involves partnering in management decision making, devising planning and performance management systems, and providing expertise in financial reporting and control to assist management in the formulation and implementation of an organization's strategy" (Debitoor.com, 2018)

Globalization is the process which allows business ventures to operate in international environment. Undoubtedly Globalization, as expected, benefitted many developing nations. China, Thailand and India are perfect examples of positive impact of Globalization (Clark, McCormack & Sunderland, 2008). Today, every country to survive in this globalized environment, have a set of rules which intern attract foreign organizations to set up their business ventures in their country. Australian Economists have observed that there’s a strong impact of movement of Automobile companies manufacturing units in other countries. This intern has raised various questions on the legitimacy of globalizing economy of developed nation like Australia.

Their main reason for creating Product Red was to raise awareness and money for the Global Fund by teaming up with the world’s most iconic brands to products that would be sold. A percentage of each product sold would be donated to the Global Fund to help women and children affected by pandemics such HIV/AIDS and malaria. A basket of consumer goods were launched to this effect which included Product Red- American express card, vintage t-shirts, Motorola handsets, converse wear, apple iPod, Emperio Armani and also an edition of the Independent.

Globalization defines practically all facets of modern life. The jobs available to the public, the cultures people embody/emulate, the relationships individuals engage in, are all continuously altered by the profound forces of the globalizing process. Capital, people, images, commodities and ideology transcend national borders, and information races around the globe at accelerating speeds (Inda 4). The theme of globalization has emerged generating considerable amounts of controversy in its wake, concerning economics, politics, and culture. These flows and disjunctures of globalization serve to construct particular cultural realities around the world, articulating the importance of the global and the local.