A Critical Review of the Introduction (pp.xi-xvi) to Cumont, Franz, Astrology Among The Greeks and Romans, New York: Dover Publications 1960 (1911)

Gardner’s Grendel is a novel containing twelve chapters which is parallel to the battle between Grendel and Hrothgar, the signs of the zodiac and the months of the year. These astrology references emphasize life’s cynical nature along with the inevitability of life.

mind was no longer just between men and women; it was now the working and the

The Go-Between by L.P. Hartley features the narrator, Leo Colston who has found and is rereading his childhood diary from the summer of 1900. This summer is paramount in Leo’s personal development and the shaping of his views of the world. In the summer of 1900, Leo was approaching his thirteenth birthday and staying with his friend and schoolmate Marcus Maudsley at Marcus’ family’s estate, Brandham Hall. There, Leo is forced to confront class, love, and loss of innocence throughout the course of this summer. Leo’s story is retold when he finds the diary that he kept that summer. Leo’s diary entries show his affinity for Zodiac symbols, which was inspired by the astrological symbols that are at the beginning of the diary. Leo used these symbols

Citizens of ancient Rome and its many territories had a wide range of beliefs. The state religion centered on the Roman pantheon of gods, based heavily on the Greek pantheon and still recognizable to many today. Gods outside this pantheon were worshipped in its colonies, such as Egypt and Judea. Romans believed, to varying degrees, in magic, fortune-telling, spells, and curses. Among the intellectual class, personal philosophies became even more diverse as thinkers attempted to use reason to decide whether the gods were real, and if they truly interfered with the affairs of mankind. It could be difficult, even for Romans themselves, to define exactly what constituted religion and what did not. For beliefs and practices that they did not deem true religion, they came to use the word superstitio, which can be loosely translated as superstition. But what exactly was meant by the word superstitio, and the practices to which it was applied, changed dramatically over the centuries. At different points throughout Roman history, an accusation of superstitio could be completely innocuous-- or a death sentence.

Ptolemy of Alexandria, the Influential Astronomer Ptolemy of Alexandria was the most influential astronomer of the ancient world. The books and theories Ptolemy developed served as a major basis for future astronomers. It was during the Renaissance period that his work became thoroughly studied and revised. Ptolemy collected all ancient knowledge of astronomy and geography including it in his book Almagest around 140 A.D. It follows,

Astrology is defined as the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs and the natural world. During the Elizabethan era astrology, was used as an influence for day to day affairs. The most known figures of the Elizabethan era, Queen Elizabeth herself and Shakespeare, used astrology. Astrology was an influence on Shakespeare’s plays and Queen Elizabeth’s decisions in daily life. Astrology not only influenced its most prominent figures but the northern part of Europe as a whole. The common person in Europe had a belief in astrology that helped influenced their daily life. Astrology was a popular belief everywhere in Europe. During the Elizabethan age, astrology influenced

The greek people are so unaware of what is about to happen and it truly heartbreaking that this is is the twilight of the hole greek civilization. Nevertheless this period is so fascinating and interesting this is the Hellenistic Age. The Hellenistic age begun after the death of Alexander the grate. Like I said earlier he left no new successor so this caused in fighting and the empire was divided up against the wars generals they .There were three empires would form there would dynasts from Alexander's empire; there was Antigonids in Macedonia and Greece, the Seleucids in Perissa and the ptolemies in Egypt. The people did not go back to their way of life because they were ruled by greeks and macedonians, so the local

“St.Cyprian on Epidemic Disease in the Roman Empire” was written by St. Cyprian. In the source the argument is the plague epidemic is liberating Christians from the world filled with diseasing and pain. The author stated “The epidemic is a pestilence for the Jews and the pagans, but for the servant of God it’s a welcome event” . Many Christians weren’t afraid of the afterlife, they believed Christ will welcome them with open arms as a gift for their suffering. Those who follow Christ will have everlasting refreshment and protection. The source is questioning evil, and those who don’t believe God. For example, “It requires great loftiness to stand firm amidst the ruins of the human race, not to concede defeat with those who have no hope in God, but rather to rejoice and embrace the gift of the time” . The Christians during this time had to have a

When I was little, I really didn’t know what astrology was or what your zodiac sign was. When I was growing up, I finally figured out what it all meant and how it worked. From that point on I was instantly clicked. I loved reading my horoscope and when ever I did read it, nine out of ten times it would be right, and that’s why I loved reading my horoscope. It was just something I did every morning, and then I would go throughout my day. Then at night when I would be back on the computer, i would reread them, and realize that most of the time those things did happen, or I did feel that type of emotion.

After this last class lecture and reading in this week’s assigned chapters it was so striking to me to see the vast similarities between Hellenistic culture and Judaism culture as it relates to religion. I come from a primarily Southern Baptist heritage so much of these similarities I have never heard or seen before. What I have taken so far out of this class is a better understanding of how the religion of Christianity has come to fruition. For me this class has been very eye opening I have thoroughly enjoyed seeing things from a new perspective the development of Christianity. To me I want to gain new perspectives and I want to be able to question what I believe so in essence I can have a broader view of Christianity.

The Roman Pantheon is a monumental building that has clearly influenced many forms of architecture throughout history. The entire building has been constructed of concrete and at the time in history, is an extraordinary feat to accomplish with its dome form with no real interior structural support. Although the Pantheon has influenced many buildings, it is not particularly an eye pleasing building to view compared to the pavilion in an English Garden from the 18th Century. For example, the exterior of the Pantheon consists of an octastyle portico, backed against a tall, square attic block connecting the cylindrical walls and the portico. This combination of different forms and shapes coming together does not create a pleasing connection or

Initial observations of the Roman Pantheon from the front appear to be similar to the ruins of the Greek Parthenon, but really both structures are somewhat unique in their composition, purpose, design, and fate. Constructed over half of a millennium after the Parthenon was built, the Pantheon, built in 27 B.C., exhibits some of the architectural styles and characteristics of its predecessor. However, the Romans refined Greek building techniques, thereby developing a unique and more advanced architectural style.

The Romans knew of seven bright objects in the sky: the Sun, the Moon, and the five brightest planets. They named them after their most important gods. Because Mercury was the fastest planet as it moved around the Sun, it was named after the Roman messenger god Mercury. Mercury was also the god of travelers, commerce, eloquence, communication, and trickery. He was also the guide who escorted people into the Underworld. Like Hermes, Mercury was a messenger who wore winged sandals and hat and carried a herald's staff called a caduceus. Mercury circles the Sun in only 88 days, compared to 365 days for Earth, at at an average speed of 105,947 miles per hour. This is faster than any other planet in the Solar System. Mercury is only the second

This character’s astrological sign is a cancer, as he is very emotional and sensitive which is why it can be hard to get to know him. Many other aspects of his personality, matches up to the character traits described about cancers. Cancers are typically unaware of their own strength, and can endanger their own wellbeing when fighting for someone else’s cause. “The Crab knows where they're going, but this is often in a wrong direction, at least until they learn their lessons and start relying solely on themselves.”

Vedic astrology further classifies human life-span according planetary periods called Dashas, both Main (Maha) and Sub (Antar or Bukti) periods. Knowing a particular planetary Dasha helps us determine the quality of the time concerned, vis-a-vis the influence of the major transits of planets during that Dasha-period.