A New Energy Efficient Drives Using Permanent Magnet Brushless Direct Current Motors ( Pmbldcm )

The equivalent electrical circuit of a dc motor is shown in figure 5.2. It can be represented by a voltage source (Va) across the coil of the armature. The electrical equivalent of the armature coil can be described by an inductance (La) in series with a resistance (Ra) in series with an induced voltage (Vc) which

Brushless motors are a bit similar to normal DC motors in the way that coils and magnets are used to drive the shaft. Though the brushless motors do not have a brush on the shaft which takes care of switching the power direction in the coils, and this is why they are called brushless. Instead the brushless motors have three coils on the inner (center) of the motor, which is fixed to the mounting. On the outer side it contains a number of magnets mounted to a cylinder that is attached to the rotating shaft. So the coils are fixed which means wires can go directly to them and therefor there is no need for a brush. The reason why QuadCopters use brushless motors instead of normal DC motors is the much higher speeds and less power usage for the same speed. The brushless motors are more efficient as there is no power lost as there is in the brush-transition on the DC motors. Usually rated with a KV rating (revolutions per volt). This is not equivalent to torque, but lower KV motors are usually used for larger

Economically, petroleum fuel prices have escalated in the past, which make the use of the electrical controlled vehicle a great alternative to manage the cost issues. Therefore, this research proposal focuses on Electrical Vehicle technology.

It is of great importance in our industries to cut the cost of power controlling with high efficiency and PWM satisfies this criteria. Therefore, it is

Using Field Oriented Control, current control is largely unaffected by speed of rotation of the motor[6].In the scheme of filed oriented control motor currents and voltages obtained from the motor are transformed into d-q reference frame. Measured currents from three stator phases these currents which are now in the stator reference frame are converted into two phase using Clarke transformations which are further converted into the corresponding rotor reference frame using Park transformation. The resultant current obtained is dc which is easier for the PI controllers to operate.

BLDC motors are a type of synchronous motor. This means the magnetic field generated by the stator and the magnetic field generated by the rotor rotate at the same frequency. BLDC motors do not experience the “slip” that is normally seen in induction motors. BLDC motors come in single-phase, 2-phase and 3-phase configurations. Corresponding to its type, the stator has the same number of windings. Out of these, 3-phase motors are the most popular and widely used. Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors are one of the motor types rapidly gaining popularity. BLDC motors are used in industries such as Appliances, Automotive, Aerospace, Consumer, Medical, Industrial Automation Equipment and Instrumentation. As the name implies, BLDC motors do not use brushes for commutation; instead, they are electronically commutated.

D.C Motor is used for variable speed operation because in dc motor torque and flux that can be control independently and that is achieved by armature and field current control respectively. D.C motor has many advantages delivering high starting torque, ease of control and non linear performance. But due to certain disadvantage of dc machine such as mechanical commutator and brush holder required time to time maintenance [1] .So cost of the drive system is increases. But now D.C Motor is less used in industrial applications. Because of low cost, better performance and the requirement of maintenance is less as compared to D.C Motor it make the asynchronous motor advantageous in many industrial applications. SCIM are most widely used than all the rest of the electric motor as they have all the advantages of A.C Motors and are cheaper in cost as compared to slip ring induction motor. Because of absence of slip rings, brush maintenance duration and cost associated with the wear and tear of brush are minimized. Because of these advantages, the induction motor is used in element of most of the electrical drive system for all the conditions like starting, braking, change in speed and speed reversal. To achieve the maximum efficiency of the induction motor drive, so many techniques are developed in the last few years. Now a day’s high switching frequency converters are used for changing the frequency, phase and amplitude of the input to an A.C. Motor can be changed, hence the speed and motor torque can be controlled. With the help of power electronic it is possible to

A notable application of Nikola Tesla’s Alternating Current induction motor is the Electric Vehicle (EV). EVs are powered by an electric motor rather than a conventional gasoline engine. It is important to make the distinction between an EV and a hybrid, plug-in hybrid, or hydrogen fuel cell car. For our analysis, an EV is a vehicle that is completely driven by an electric motor, which is powered by a large battery, such as the BMW i3 and the Tesla Model S.

The objective of the proposed internship can be divided into the following sub-objectives – 1) develop a control strategy with variable operating switching frequency to dynamically control current ripple and reduce system losses, and 2) develop a current control strategy to improve dynamic response for the two level inverter fed PMSM drive; while taking into account the effect of different operating regions and drive design parameters. More specifically the following tasks will be accomplished for each sub-objective:

This thesis deals with the design and analysis of control system structures for electric drives equipped with permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) in automotive application.With the increasing popularity of multi-level inverters, the room for improvement of the performance of voltage source inverters has continuously been tested for various applications. The rapid development of high switching frequency power electronics in the past decade leads towards wider application of voltage source inverters in AC power generation. Therefore, this prompts the need for a modulation technique with less total harmonic distortion, fewer switching losses, and wider linear modulation range.The present thesis highlights the comparison of the conventional two-level inverter and the three-level diode clamped inverters for the application in automotive industry.

The electrical power is alternating current but DC motors needs a rectifier to convert that into direct current.

This thesis deals with the configuration and investigation of control framework structures for electric drives furnished with changeless magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) in car application. With the expanding prominence of multi-level inverters, the opportunity to get better of the execution of voltage source inverters has persistently been tried for different applications. The fast improvement of high exchanging recurrence power gadgets in the previous decade leads towards more extensive use of voltage source inverters in AC power era. In this way, this prompts the requirement for a regulation method with less aggregate symphonious bending, less exchanging misfortunes, and more extensive direct balance range. The present theory highlights the examination of the customary two-level inverter and the three-level diode cinched inverters for the application in car industry.

Dc Motors were once the only devices known to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy or vice versa. Although they were inherited successfully by ac motors and vector control drives; they still show promising advantages like reliability, cost effectiveness, and moreover operator friendliness.

DBR followed by a filter and an isolated zeta converter. The filter is designed to avoid any switching ripple in the DBR and thesupply system. An isolated zeta converter is designed to operate in DCM to act as an inherent power factor corrector. This combinationof DBR and PFC converter is used to feed a BLDC motor drive via a three-phase VSI as shown in Fig. 1. The dc link voltage of the VSI is controlled by varying the duty ratio of the PWM pulses of PFC converter switch. However, VSI is operated in a low frequency switching to achieve an electronic commutation of BLDC motor for reduced switching losses. A single voltage sensor is used at the front-end converter for the control of dc link voltage for speed control of BLDC motor. The proposed drive is designed and its performance is validated on a developed prototype for improved power quality at ac mains for a wide range of speed control and supply voltage variations.

The brushless DC motors are becoming more popular in low and medium power applications due to the characteristics they have such as better speed versus torque characteristics, high dynamic response, high efficiency, noiseless operation and higher torque to weight ratio. They also have a long life span. With rapid development in power electronics, semiconductor and manufacturing technology for high performance magnetic materials, the brushless DC motors have been used for energy savings applications such as air conditioners, refrigerators, air pumps, kitchen appliances and electric vehicles.