The Messinian Salinity Crisis, most commonly referred to as MSC, is considered to be one of the most dramatic events to occur in the geology of the world in about twenty million years. The Messinian Salinity Crisis is essentially when the Mediterranean Sea dried up completely. The sea began to dry up approximately 6 million years ago and ended around 5.3 million years ago. Prior to the drying of the sea, the sea level in the oceans had dropped about 70 meters because of global cooling which led to the glaciers and icebergs. Because of this, the connection between the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea had become nonexistent and the Mediterranean could not depend on the Atlantic for the source of water. With the Mediterranean Sea being …show more content…
The two types of salts that were deposited on the floor were Halite and Gypsum. Some of the salt deposits were as deep as 800 meters which is equivalent to 2,500 feet. The scientists were baffled by this discovery, thus leading to numerous investigations about where these salt deposits came from. Some of the scientists believe that environmental changes like the Mediterranean Salinity Crisis, could quite possibly have a larger affect than what is assumed. Scientist believe that it could having an impact on the global level.
The Mediterranean Salinity Crisis is said to have occurred in three stages. The first stage was when the, “evaporites precipitated in shallow sub-basins.” Basically, this is when natural salt build us in the sub-basin after the evaporation of a body of water. During the second stage, “evaporite precipitation is shifted to the deepest depocentres.” Essentially all of the salts moved to the bottom of the basin. This is what the oil drillers were drilling into when they discovered the large salt deposits at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The third stage is considered to be the “large-scale environmental fluctuations in the Mediterranean transformed into brackish water lake.” The idea behind this stage is that it basically the erosion that occurred after all of the water was gone. This erosion then led to the breaking of the barrier between the basin and the Atlantic Ocean. The
For instance, in 1959 a railroad causeway through the Great Salt Lake divided it into northern and southern sections. Subsequently, the northern section saw a rising dominance of extreme halophiles, while the southern section saw a rising dominance of moderate halophiles (Cannon and Cannon 2002). Similarly, in the Dead Sea, the divergence of freshwater into the Dead Sea for the purposes of irrigation of nearby farms has led to a decrease in its salinity and thus, a decrease in available salt for halophiles (Watzman
World War Two resulted in a chaotic destruction that overwhelmed Europe. These feelings of dismay are concisely summarized in Ruta Sepetys’ Salt of the Sea.. An impactful quote states, “war had bled color from everything, leaving nothing but a storm of gray.” The war in 1945 had drained any and all feelings of hope and spirit out of European people. In it’s wake, the war left a cloud of devastation and despair. Florian and Joana have to overcome this war, their fate, and guilt in order to return to their past selves and survive their journey in a German and Russian warzone.
The land is uplifted crust blocks that form parallel ranges but surface water doesn’t run to the ocean. Instead, it evaporates over time leaving a salt flat.
Four people who have never met before all carry around their guilt. As the end of World War Two happens, these four are trying to get to safety. Joana, the sergeant, who spent her whole life studying, wishes she put her book down and enjoyed the people she is fighting to get back too. Staying in her group, Joana is protected by her _____ status. When a boy and girl join the group, both of them hurt, Joana treated them before asking question. The girl, Emili, was polish, a race deemed unworthy of Hitler, and also pregnant. Where the baby’s father was unknown, Emili and her pink hat did not know the language, but spoke poor enough German to let Joana know the boy, whom Emili called her knight, saved her from a Russian solider. the boy, Florian
When salinity increases, warning signs appear in the landscapes of the affected areas. These warning signs include things like sick and/or dying trees, declining vegetation, colonisation of tolerant weed-like plants, bare patches where vegetation has died and saline pools in creek beds. These show that the ecosystem is being affected and at a high rate.
(Salton Sea Symposium, 1998) However , the condition of the Sea has drastically changed and so has the amount of healthy living organisms in the Sea. By the 1980�s the water level rose greatly and gave way to abandoned businesses, deteriorating structures and empty beaches. The above was due to the fact that evaporation is the only outlet to the Salton Sea , in fact 1.35 million acre feet of water is lost each year , thus increasing its salinity even more. The salinity of the Salton Sea has increased to 45,000 parts per thousand or 45 PPT; the Pacific Ocean is currently 35 PPT.
5) Sources of the salt found in water: Earth’s crust, Earth’s atmosphere, gases, magmatic material and volcanic water. The input regulated by providing ions and recycling materials.
This approach becomes particularly problematic in the case of climate change as reduced water supplies likely in arid and semiarid regions where salinity is an issue work against such a response.
in the production process, a case has been reported that an inland sea turned into a desert
The lack of freshwater is something that drastically affects the world every single day. People use water everyday for a multitude of things, whether it's washing their clothes, watering their plants, making soup, swimming in a pool, or even just hydrating themselves after a long run or a fun sport outside in the hot, beating sun. Water is very important to human beings, seeing as 70% of the human body is just water molecules vibrating at a very high frequency. That's why when there are natural disasters that prevent people from having access to that water it is highly damaging to everyone, and to the environment. Recently there has been a drought in California that has disrupted not only the lives of the people who live in California, but
During the 1990s scientist were able to collect 5,000 different salinity profiles. From their findings they were able to estimate a 20 percent increase in freshwater. Due to this increase there was a rise of fresh water by 8,400 cubic kilometer, which can be compared to the volume of fresh water and ice that is released in lower latitudes from the Arctic each year.
The aim of this experiment is to investigate how the effects of salts will have on Bean plants. If salt infected water is added to the bean plants, then the effects of osmosis and photosynthesis will be distributed in the plants, causing them to stop developing and eventually start leading to death. The outcome of this experiment will be determined through the amount of saline concentrations that will be added throughout to the plants and how all can be linked back to the real world problems in dryland salinity.
Albeit, ocean desertification is inevitable there are ways society may delay the progression of ocean desertification. Several tactical approaches could be applied to assist with remediating ocean desertification. In proposing a resolution for ocean desertification, it is beneficial to implement two types of strategies. After critically thinking, logically, it would be appropriate to apply a practical solution (i.e., build an infrastructure or reservoir) in conjunction with a process solution (i.e., framework or plan to address ocean desertification). I am not questioning research efforts or past research but I am questioning
Ocean pollution is a problem that can not be solved unless everyone is focused on doing so, our world will suffer drastically in the long run if we do not fix the increasing pollution, and its not just effecting the air we breath but also the food we eat because of water contamination. "The single biggest problem in reaching international agreement on a topic lies in convincing sovereign nations with different goals, opposing political systems, and fluctuating positions in day-to-day politic that their interests all lie in the same direction" (1, 106). Pollution gets into the sea from many sources but has the same effect, consequently swimming in our seas can make you ill. It costs big time to help decrease pollution and to study it. Poor or struggling nations will have a hard time affording it, which does not help because it has to be a world effort. Researchers calculated that $44 million a year is spent just protecting aquatic species from nutrient pollution, still there is so much pollution.
A theory that links with both drought and famine is environmental change. As the inland cities experienced the drought, they relied on the few crops that could grow in the dry condition, hunting the few animals that survived and the sea food from the coastal villages. But some researchers found that coastal waters rose during the 9th century, and this could have flooded the villages that were situated on the coast causing the people that lived there to move inland to the bigger cities and villages putting strain on the food sources there and as a result the cities had no fresh seafood coming from the coast and then heavily relied on the few crops and animals to support their growing population.