A comprehensive study on civil war: models and real cases
The history of ethnic civil war consists of ethnic fragmentation appeared along the societal path to globalization. Over time, human enabled a comprehensive study of variables and motives in attempt to theorize a historical pattern of civil war. Two important models, one constructed by Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler, and the other by James Fearon and David Laitin, provided hypothesis of the causes of civil war based on social, economic and political measurements. However, as Horowitz states, “a bloody phenomenon cannot be explained by a bloodless theory”, civil conflict can never be concluded to a certain pattern; despite the general trend, chance events such as natural disasters
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Rwanda, which underwent two civil wars in 1963 and 1990, has one of the highest population densities in Africa.
On the other hand, Fearon and Laitin concentrated on state capacity in building their model to predict the risk of war. They concluded civil war as the consequence of a weak central government; variables that measure state capacity, particularly instability, poverty and population, were selected in the process. Political instability reflects a government’s inability in counterinsurgency; poverty demonstrates its failure to provide welfare to the people; and a large population adds challenges to the overall balance and management of different regions. During the economic breakdown in Yugoslavia, facing public calls for urgent economic reform, the Communist government “blocked promising reform initiatives” in order to maintain the monopoly control of the government and the country’s industries. The mediocre Yugoslavian government failed to pull the nation out from poverty, which eventually led to the collapse of the Republic.
Overall, both the CH model and the FL model highlight the interactive patterns between the independent variables and the risk of war, and thus support their hypothesis of the civil war mechanism. Nonetheless, although both models provide certain degree of prediction to the risk of war, neither applies to the reality perfectly.
First of all, hypothesis proposed by both models are broad representation of a generalized
While both the North and the South relied on intelligence gathering during the Civil War to help with the end result of victory, the Union’s accord to use freed slaves as spies undoubtedly was a decision that pushed the North to victory. By risking their own lives, these brave freed slaves helped to ensure the freedom of so many others. While official records are difficult to come by documenting intricacies, the use of escaped slaves as a primary source of intelligence for the Union is without a doubt a decision that helped the nation finally become one.
When a researcher studies the causes of most wars, the causes for nearly any war are usually innumerable. However, there are a select few wars that even in the presence of several different motives, one underlying object or ideal seems to always be the root of the problem. One prime example of this idea is the American Civil War wherein almost every individual soldier had a different reason for being on the battlefront. One nation whose people had grown into a melting pot had slowly been torn down the center for several decades before the inevitable war came. Slavery seemed to affect everything in the United States during the time leading up to, during, and even after the Civil War. Thus, the issue was unavoidable, and whatsoever conflict
Throughout history, our world has constantly been bruised and battered by civil turmoil. Today, the civil war in Syria decimates the country; the Israeli and Palestinian conflict rages on; tens of thousands of people have been killed in South Sudan's ongoing civil war. It is not always easy to isolate what exactly ignites the flames of war, but, whenever possible, finding a workable, calm and satisfying solution to a potential uprising is preferable.
Throughout the Civil War, there were many different types of warfare. Amongst the common Union and Confederate soldiers, many men fought on either side in different types of irregular military forces. These forces, along with regular soldiers, contributed to the many styles of warfare. Three prominent warfare styles during the Civil War were regularly trained soldiers, bushwhackers, and guerrilla soldiers. The majority of battles were fought by official Union or Confederate soldiers. These battles typically had some sort of organization and were not extremely violent. A large portion of the remainder of the fighting was done by guerrilla soldiers or bushwhackers. The attacks carried out by the guerrilla soldiers were more violent,
Civil War in Far West: New Mexico Campaign, 1862 has been the 2 player, lower to intermediate complexity simulation about the Confederate invasion about United States southwest. This has majorly been the strategic level design however this in addition includes operational undertones. Confederate player has often been on offensive however situation in addition calls for Union player for making counterattacks (Bentley 2010).
The Northern and Southern states have always had their problems prior to the Civil War. One of the problems before the Civil War was the decision of weather new states and U.S territories should be free or not. The government proceeded to make compromise after compromise which none of theses kept the states happy for very
War is easily explained through the lens of social conflict theory, a sociological theory that suggests society tends toward conflict because it is made up of groups with competing interests and unequal resources. The theory proposes that a
The Civil War and the late 1800’s brought change. Though it was a time rebuilding, despair and much loss there rose a political revolution. This political revolution derived from the Civil War and helped shape the world into what it is today. As the Civil War was fought there was a change in political parties, there were new Acts and Amendments passed at the time, and Lincoln’s assassination. With these changes the Civil War was pushed into a new direction and propelled into the future.
The question that has been asked in our discussion post this week is it our opinion that the Civil War was inevitable? After reviewing, several reasons brought the North and South to battle during the Civil War which played a large part in the way our economic and political structure is today. A few of those reasons included slavery, distinctive economic interests, and the breakdown within the political parties (Alchin, 2016). While learning about the facts of each side, the North seemed to advance at a greater pace than the South due to taking advantage of the market, communication and transportation revolutions (Schultz, 2013). The South was slower to make a move to improve because they depended on cotton and the slaves that cultivated
If examined closely, you can see both sides of the war have numerous qualities and weaknesses. Several respect North since they are as of now the most arranged and prepared for this war. The North as of now also has twice as much railroad tracks than the South. This will seriously affect the South since it would let the North transport weapons, ammunition, and other military equipment required for their armed force. The North has around 100,000 manufacturing plants while the south has around 20,000 so the North have the capacity to deliver more weapons, ammunition, shoes and more things that will help the armed force. Starting now, North is financially set for war, they have enough cash in the bank. In addition, along with the economy it was
“The most widely accepted relationship between economic factors and civil war is that high-income nations are less likely to experience civil wars than low-income nations.” (Dixon 714). The disagreements over how to spend money and tax imported goods, and how territories should be distributed, cause this one nation to fight against each other.
War is not a common phenomenon anymore after the post cold war era. According a research conducted on active armed conflict across the world at the Uppsala University in Sweden, of all the 101 active armed conflicted between the late 80s and mid 90s, only six were actually between two different states (Solenberg &Wallensteen, 1997). These statistics clearly indicates that the conflict in today's world is more internal and ethnic based.
The Civil War can be conceptualized into four different stages: The Anaconda Plan, Dividing the South, The War for Freedom and finally Grant’s War of Total Annihilation.
The latter half of the 19th century was the bloodiest in the history of North America. The US Civil War tested the resolve of both the North and the South, on the questions slavery and States Rights. The Civil War would shape the leaders who would sit in power for the next fifty years.
The empirical study of Collier and Hoeffler of 2004 will serve as starting point and basis of this paper, as it has initiated the debate about whether greed or grievance explanations about the origins of civil wars are inferior, as well as it was extremely famous and influential - not only in the academic sector, but also in policy and donor circles and the media (Berdal, 2005; Keen). However, because policy implications resulting out of their economic based conclusion are not overall appropriate, the study needs to be revisited with new data and novel approaches.